HESI A2 PHYSICS EXAM 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
ANSWERS
◉ LAYERS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT. Answer: (From innermost
to outer layer)
1. mucous/mucosal membrane
2. submucous membrane
3. muscular/muscularis externa layer
4. serous/visceral peritoneum layer
◉ APPENDICULAR SKELETON. Answer: OUTER
Girdles and the limbs.
Upper Appendicular skeleton:
pectoral/shoulder
clavicle/scapula
and upper extremity
Lower Appendicular skeleton:
pelvic/os coxae (consisting of fused ilium, ischium, pubis)
and lower extremity
,Arms:
Upper: humerus
Lower: radius and ulna, carpals metacarpals, and phalanges.
Legs:
Upper: femur
Lower: tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
◉ ARTERIOLES. Answer: the smallest artery
Exchanging water, nutrients, and waste products
◉ ARTERIES. Answer: Carry blood away from the heart
Systemic arteries begin with the Aorta
Have thick walls
Are elastic
Carry blood under a high pressure
◉ AXIAL SKELETON. Answer: INNER
28 bones of the skull
(contains 14 facial bones and 14 of the cranium bones)
33 bones of the vertebral column
, (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral vertebrae (fused to form the
sacrum))
*Also bones of the thorax, sternum and the 12 pairs of ribs.
Facial: 2 nasal
2 maxillary
2 zygomatic
one mandible (movable bone)
2 palatine
1 vomer
2 lacrimal
2 inferior nasal conchae
Cranium: occipital
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
2 parietal
2 temporal
2 ossicles of the ear (malleus, incus and stapes)
◉ BLOOD. Answer: Whole blood:
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
ANSWERS
◉ LAYERS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT. Answer: (From innermost
to outer layer)
1. mucous/mucosal membrane
2. submucous membrane
3. muscular/muscularis externa layer
4. serous/visceral peritoneum layer
◉ APPENDICULAR SKELETON. Answer: OUTER
Girdles and the limbs.
Upper Appendicular skeleton:
pectoral/shoulder
clavicle/scapula
and upper extremity
Lower Appendicular skeleton:
pelvic/os coxae (consisting of fused ilium, ischium, pubis)
and lower extremity
,Arms:
Upper: humerus
Lower: radius and ulna, carpals metacarpals, and phalanges.
Legs:
Upper: femur
Lower: tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
◉ ARTERIOLES. Answer: the smallest artery
Exchanging water, nutrients, and waste products
◉ ARTERIES. Answer: Carry blood away from the heart
Systemic arteries begin with the Aorta
Have thick walls
Are elastic
Carry blood under a high pressure
◉ AXIAL SKELETON. Answer: INNER
28 bones of the skull
(contains 14 facial bones and 14 of the cranium bones)
33 bones of the vertebral column
, (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral vertebrae (fused to form the
sacrum))
*Also bones of the thorax, sternum and the 12 pairs of ribs.
Facial: 2 nasal
2 maxillary
2 zygomatic
one mandible (movable bone)
2 palatine
1 vomer
2 lacrimal
2 inferior nasal conchae
Cranium: occipital
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
2 parietal
2 temporal
2 ossicles of the ear (malleus, incus and stapes)
◉ BLOOD. Answer: Whole blood:
