EXAMINATION 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ What age-related changes weaken pulmonary defense mechanisms?
Answer: Reduced ciliary clearance, decreased cough reflex, fewer
alveolar macrophages, and drier mucous membranes.
⩥ How does aging affect respiratory infection risk? Answer: Increased
susceptibility due to weaker immunity, impaired clearance of secretions,
and reduced ability to mount effective inflammatory responses.
⩥ What causes influenza? Answer: A highly contagious viral respiratory
infection that leads to significant illness and complications.
⩥ What features indicate influenza? Answer: Sudden onset within 3-6
hours, high fever (102-104°F) lasting 3-4 days, headache, myalgia,
fatigue, and chest discomfort.
⩥ How can influenza be prevented? Answer: Annual vaccination for
everyone over 6 months, especially high-risk groups like healthcare
workers and long-term-care residents.