Advanced Pathophysiology eDapt Obstructive
and Restrictive Lung Diseases– 2026/2027
Academic Cycle –Questions with Verified
Answers and Elaborated Solutions
The nurse practitioner (NP) is seeing a client with chronic bronchitis that
needs spirometry on today's visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT)
findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis? -
ANSWERS-2. Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1)
The nurse practitioner (NP) is seeing a client with chronic bronchitis that
needs spirometry on today's visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT)
findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis?
pH - 7.56
PaCO2 - 30 mmHg
HCO3 - 24 mEq/L
PO2 - 82 mmHg
O2 saturation - 87% - ANSWERS-Respiratory Alkalosis
Lung diseases that have (...) are characterized as restrictive, whereas
diseases with (...) are characterized as obstructive
Increased lung volume, increased lung capacity, reduced lung volume
Increased airflow, reduced airflow, normal airflow - ANSWERS-Reduced lung
volume
, Reduced airflow
Risk Factors of Lung Disease - ANSWERS-- Age
- Individual Factors
- Acute or Chronic Disease
Age - ANSWERS-- Infants and young children have less alveolar surface area
for gas exchange; therefore, airways can be easily obstructed by mucus,
edema, or foreign objects.
- Older adults have anatomical and physiological changes expected with
advanced age.
- Loss of elastic recoil of the chest and decreased lung volume capacity (tidal
volume)
- Weaker respiratory muscles, reducing the effort to cough (risk for
aspiration)
- Dilation of alveoli, decreased surface area
Individual Factors - ANSWERS-- Nonmodifiable: Age, congenital
abnormalities, or environmental concerns (air pollution, for example)
- Modifiable: Tobacco use (inhaled smoke) or second-hand exposure to air
pollutants; vaccinations to prevent pulmonary disease (COVID, influenza,
pneumococcal, Tdap)
- Other: Clients with altered levels of consciousness, neurological disorders,
tracheal intubation, bed rest, or immobilization
Acute or Chronic Disease - ANSWERS-- Accumulation of mucus and fluid
accumulation in airways (cystic fibrosis, pulmonary edema, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD])
- Diseases that reduce oxygen-carrying capacity (e.g., anemia)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., allergies) can exacerbate obstructive or
reactive lung disease
and Restrictive Lung Diseases– 2026/2027
Academic Cycle –Questions with Verified
Answers and Elaborated Solutions
The nurse practitioner (NP) is seeing a client with chronic bronchitis that
needs spirometry on today's visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT)
findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis? -
ANSWERS-2. Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1)
The nurse practitioner (NP) is seeing a client with chronic bronchitis that
needs spirometry on today's visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT)
findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis?
pH - 7.56
PaCO2 - 30 mmHg
HCO3 - 24 mEq/L
PO2 - 82 mmHg
O2 saturation - 87% - ANSWERS-Respiratory Alkalosis
Lung diseases that have (...) are characterized as restrictive, whereas
diseases with (...) are characterized as obstructive
Increased lung volume, increased lung capacity, reduced lung volume
Increased airflow, reduced airflow, normal airflow - ANSWERS-Reduced lung
volume
, Reduced airflow
Risk Factors of Lung Disease - ANSWERS-- Age
- Individual Factors
- Acute or Chronic Disease
Age - ANSWERS-- Infants and young children have less alveolar surface area
for gas exchange; therefore, airways can be easily obstructed by mucus,
edema, or foreign objects.
- Older adults have anatomical and physiological changes expected with
advanced age.
- Loss of elastic recoil of the chest and decreased lung volume capacity (tidal
volume)
- Weaker respiratory muscles, reducing the effort to cough (risk for
aspiration)
- Dilation of alveoli, decreased surface area
Individual Factors - ANSWERS-- Nonmodifiable: Age, congenital
abnormalities, or environmental concerns (air pollution, for example)
- Modifiable: Tobacco use (inhaled smoke) or second-hand exposure to air
pollutants; vaccinations to prevent pulmonary disease (COVID, influenza,
pneumococcal, Tdap)
- Other: Clients with altered levels of consciousness, neurological disorders,
tracheal intubation, bed rest, or immobilization
Acute or Chronic Disease - ANSWERS-- Accumulation of mucus and fluid
accumulation in airways (cystic fibrosis, pulmonary edema, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD])
- Diseases that reduce oxygen-carrying capacity (e.g., anemia)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., allergies) can exacerbate obstructive or
reactive lung disease
