HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology Practice Test | Actual
Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers | Latest
Update 2026 | HESI Exam Prep
1. Which of the following structures is essential for maintaining an open tracheal
air passage in the posterior aspect of the trachea?
Proximity of the esophagus to the posterior tracheal wall
Respiratory epithelium with elastic fibers in the lamina propria
Cartilaginous rings
Connective tissue in the adventitia
Dense connective tissue in the submucosa
2. In a healthy individual, each heart beat is initiated by the:
sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
bundle of his
, purkinje fibers
3. If a patient has damaged motor neurons, what physiological effect might they
experience?
Impaired movement
Improved coordination
Increased sensory perception
Enhanced reflexes
4. Of the following skull bones, which is the only bone that is capable of
movement?
Mandible
Temporal Bone
Sacrum
Frontal Bone
5. Describe the role of the placenta in hormone production during pregnancy.
The placenta is responsible for nutrient absorption only.
The placenta regulates blood pressure during pregnancy.
The placenta produces hormones that maintain the endometrium
and prepare the breasts for lactation.
The placenta produces red blood cells for the fetus.
6. The epidermis is composed of:
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
, Epithelial
7. What term is used to describe muscles that are under conscious control?
Cardiac muscles
Involuntary muscles
Smooth muscles
Voluntary muscles
8. If a patient has a fracture in the diaphysis of the humerus, what implications
might this have for their arm function?
It will only affect the range of motion at the shoulder joint.
It will have no effect on arm function.
It may impair the arm's ability to bear weight and perform
movements.
It will cause immediate swelling in the wrist.
9. If a patient has a condition affecting the pelvic cavity, which organs would
likely be impacted?
Lungs and heart
Stomach and intestines
Urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs
Kidneys and adrenal glands
10. What is the primary mineral that helps regulate fluid balance in the body?
Calcium
Sodium
, Magnesium
Potassium
11. What are the functional units of the kidney?
Nephrons
Alveoli
Glomeruli
Hepatocytes
12. What type of neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the central nervous
system (CNS)?
Sensory
Motor
Interneurons
Efferent
13. Describe the significance of the diaphysis in the structure of long bones like
the humerus.
The diaphysis is the region where blood vessels enter the bone.
The diaphysis is the end part of a long bone that articulates with
other bones.
The diaphysis is the area where bone growth occurs during
childhood.
The diaphysis is the long, tubular shaft of a long bone that provides
strength and support.
14. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers | Latest
Update 2026 | HESI Exam Prep
1. Which of the following structures is essential for maintaining an open tracheal
air passage in the posterior aspect of the trachea?
Proximity of the esophagus to the posterior tracheal wall
Respiratory epithelium with elastic fibers in the lamina propria
Cartilaginous rings
Connective tissue in the adventitia
Dense connective tissue in the submucosa
2. In a healthy individual, each heart beat is initiated by the:
sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
bundle of his
, purkinje fibers
3. If a patient has damaged motor neurons, what physiological effect might they
experience?
Impaired movement
Improved coordination
Increased sensory perception
Enhanced reflexes
4. Of the following skull bones, which is the only bone that is capable of
movement?
Mandible
Temporal Bone
Sacrum
Frontal Bone
5. Describe the role of the placenta in hormone production during pregnancy.
The placenta is responsible for nutrient absorption only.
The placenta regulates blood pressure during pregnancy.
The placenta produces hormones that maintain the endometrium
and prepare the breasts for lactation.
The placenta produces red blood cells for the fetus.
6. The epidermis is composed of:
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
, Epithelial
7. What term is used to describe muscles that are under conscious control?
Cardiac muscles
Involuntary muscles
Smooth muscles
Voluntary muscles
8. If a patient has a fracture in the diaphysis of the humerus, what implications
might this have for their arm function?
It will only affect the range of motion at the shoulder joint.
It will have no effect on arm function.
It may impair the arm's ability to bear weight and perform
movements.
It will cause immediate swelling in the wrist.
9. If a patient has a condition affecting the pelvic cavity, which organs would
likely be impacted?
Lungs and heart
Stomach and intestines
Urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs
Kidneys and adrenal glands
10. What is the primary mineral that helps regulate fluid balance in the body?
Calcium
Sodium
, Magnesium
Potassium
11. What are the functional units of the kidney?
Nephrons
Alveoli
Glomeruli
Hepatocytes
12. What type of neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the central nervous
system (CNS)?
Sensory
Motor
Interneurons
Efferent
13. Describe the significance of the diaphysis in the structure of long bones like
the humerus.
The diaphysis is the region where blood vessels enter the bone.
The diaphysis is the end part of a long bone that articulates with
other bones.
The diaphysis is the area where bone growth occurs during
childhood.
The diaphysis is the long, tubular shaft of a long bone that provides
strength and support.
14. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
