ARRT Bone Density Exam Study Set
According to the WHO criteria, what is the of osteoporosis? - ANSWER -Fracture
diagnosis of osteoporosis based on the
measurement of bone density? -
ANSWER -2.5 SD or more below the young What is the name of the tool that integrates
adult peak bone density clinical information in a quantitative manner to
predict a 10-year probability of major osteoporotic
fracture for both men and women? -
What is the gold standard technique for ANSWER -FRAX
measuring bone density? - ANSWER -DXA
What is the major source of precision error in
Cancellous bone is also know as? - clinical practice? - ANSWER -Technologist
ANSWER -Trabecular Bone
What is the percentage of trabecular bone in the
What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal skeleton? - ANSWER -20 %
femur that gives the best visual indication of the
degree of rotation of the proximal femur? -
ANSWER -Lesser Trochanter The forearm is not used to monitor the effects of
therapy for osteoporosis because....... -
ANSWER -rate of change in BMD is too
Which lumbar vertebra is described as having a slow
characteristic shape of an X or and H on a DXA
PA spine scan? - ANSWER -L4
What site is mostly composed of cortical bone? -
ANSWER -Proximal forearm
Is Forteo a bisphosphonate? - ANSWER -
NO
What are the advantages of QUS over x-ray
methodologies for BMD measurement? -
Quantitative Computated Tomography (QCT) - ANSWER --ultrasound is comparatively
ANSWER --measurements are volumetric inexpensive
-trabecular bone can be isolated from cortical -patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
bone
-ultrasound exams are quick to perform
-accuracy may be affected by marrow fat
What is the name of the isotope that was used in
Peripheral BMD measurements are advocated SPA? - ANSWER -Iodine-125
for _____________? - ANSWER -
Screening
What is the texture index that evaluates the pixel
gray-level variations in lumber spine DXA
What is the most important clinical consequence images? - ANSWER -TBS (Trabecular
, ARRT Bone Density Exam Study Set
Bone Score)
-different databases
When does type 2 primary osteoporosis
generally occur? - ANSWER -after age 70 The primary mechanism of action of
antiresorptive therapies is the direct interaction
with the __________________ -
What technique used images of the hand and an ANSWER -osteoclasts
aluminum wedge? - ANSWER -RA
(Radiograhic Absorptiometry)
Which site is preferred for determination of
fracture prediction? - ANSWER -proximal
New bone is formed by the ___________? - femur
ANSWER -osteoblasts
What is one disease not associated with low
Cancellous bone is also known as BMD? - ANSWER -osteopetrosis
_______________? - ANSWER -
Trabecular bone
DXA results may be influenced by......... -
ANSWER --body thickness
How would you start labeling the vertebral bodies
on a PA lumbar scan? - ANSWER -Start at -degenerative changes
L4 and count/label up
-fractures
With changes in rotation of the femoral neck, -scan mode
what happens? - ANSWER -Increases the
BMD
A great forearm scan should include....... -
ANSWER --forearm centered
If daily QC fails, what should be your first step of
action? - ANSWER --repeat the scan -forearm straight
-if scan fails again, then call for help -free of artifacts
Although the technology is similar with all of the Phantoms that mimic the shape and size of a
DXA units, the BMD results are different skeletal region are called
______________________________. -
because.......... - ANSWER --different
calibration standards ANSWER -anthromomorphic phantoms
-algorithms to calculate BMD
What is the formula used to calculate BMD? -
-differences in the ROI ANSWER -BMD = BMC/Area
, ARRT Bone Density Exam Study Set
How often should you perform the QA on the What are the two most common methods for
DXA unit? - ANSWER -everyday you scan shifting the energies in DXA units? -
ANSWER --energy shifting
Radiogammetry is the measurement of bones -k-edge filters
using skeletal x-rays/radiographs. Which site was
often used? - ANSWER -metacarpals
Why do you use the hip positioner during
scanning of the proximal femur? -
With voltage switching units, what type of ANSWER -to place the femoral neck
calibration is used? - ANSWER -continuous parallel to the tabletop
internal calibration--wheel or drum
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss by.... -
For low energies, the most common process of ANSWER -reducing the activity of the
absorption is the ________________________ osteoclasts
effect. - ANSWER -photoelectric
If a patient has a history of hyperparathyroidism,
What are some comparisons to the amount of what would the preferred site be for evaluation? -
effective dose given during a central DXA scan? ANSWER -33% or 1/3 of the forearm
- ANSWER --less than a day of background
radiation
What is important for serial monitoring? -
-less than a round trip from Boston to LA ANSWER -precision
-one-tenth of a chest xray
What pharmaceutical may be suggested for a
woman with a high risk of breast cancer and
Why is the non-dominant arm used in bone elevated lipids? - ANSWER -Evista
densitometry? - ANSWER -reference (Raloxifene)
values reflect non-dominant arm measurements
What year was the Bone Mass Measurement Act
When measuring the proximal femur, how should proposed? - ANSWER -1997
the neck ROI be placed? - ANSWER -the
neck ROI should be perpendicular to the femoral
neck What type of osteoporosis is a result of
menopause? - ANSWER -Primary
Osteoporosis Type 1
What is the bone edge detection methodology? -
ANSWER -it tests the machines ability to
distinguish bone from soft tissue What classes of cells are involved in bone
, ARRT Bone Density Exam Study Set
remodeling? - ANSWER --osteoclasts
-osteoblasts What percentage of the skeletal body mass is
cortical bone? - ANSWER -80%
-osteocytes
Bone mineral density is expressed as......... -
What therapy mimics the effects of estrogen on ANSWER -g/cm squared
bone and has antiestrogenic effects in other
tissue? - ANSWER -Raloxifene
How many times should you scan a patient with
in-vivo precision study? - ANSWER --30
In both men and women, bone mass increases patients scanned twice
until approximately what age? - ANSWER -
30 years -15 patients scanned 3 times
What must be performed in order to compare When analyzing the PA spine, what should you
studies when a new machine is bought? - not mess with? - ANSWER -Width of ROI
ANSWER -cross-calibration box
Which acronym best describes the least amount How many places to the right of the decimal point
of BMD change that can be statistically is used in reporting BMD? - ANSWER -3
significant? - ANSWER -LSC
The name of the forearm sites are based on
What are the 2 types of bone? - ANSWER - what? - ANSWER -the location of the site
-cortical on the bone in relationship to the overall length
-trabecular
A postmenopausal woman with a femoral neck T-
score of -2.0 SD below a young adult is to be
What parameters are used to calculate rate of classified as....... - ANSWER -osteopenia
change for a follow-up scan? - ANSWER -
BMD
What happens when there is an imbalance or
uncoupling of the remodeling cycle? -
The shoulders of a patient should be squared ANSWER -the usual result is a net loss in
with their ________. - ANSWER -pelvis the bone mass
What are the preferred sites for the A technologist should perform a precision study
measurement of bone density in children? - in order to calculate _______________. -
ANSWER -spine and total body less head ANSWER -LSC (Least Significant Change)
According to the WHO criteria, what is the of osteoporosis? - ANSWER -Fracture
diagnosis of osteoporosis based on the
measurement of bone density? -
ANSWER -2.5 SD or more below the young What is the name of the tool that integrates
adult peak bone density clinical information in a quantitative manner to
predict a 10-year probability of major osteoporotic
fracture for both men and women? -
What is the gold standard technique for ANSWER -FRAX
measuring bone density? - ANSWER -DXA
What is the major source of precision error in
Cancellous bone is also know as? - clinical practice? - ANSWER -Technologist
ANSWER -Trabecular Bone
What is the percentage of trabecular bone in the
What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal skeleton? - ANSWER -20 %
femur that gives the best visual indication of the
degree of rotation of the proximal femur? -
ANSWER -Lesser Trochanter The forearm is not used to monitor the effects of
therapy for osteoporosis because....... -
ANSWER -rate of change in BMD is too
Which lumbar vertebra is described as having a slow
characteristic shape of an X or and H on a DXA
PA spine scan? - ANSWER -L4
What site is mostly composed of cortical bone? -
ANSWER -Proximal forearm
Is Forteo a bisphosphonate? - ANSWER -
NO
What are the advantages of QUS over x-ray
methodologies for BMD measurement? -
Quantitative Computated Tomography (QCT) - ANSWER --ultrasound is comparatively
ANSWER --measurements are volumetric inexpensive
-trabecular bone can be isolated from cortical -patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
bone
-ultrasound exams are quick to perform
-accuracy may be affected by marrow fat
What is the name of the isotope that was used in
Peripheral BMD measurements are advocated SPA? - ANSWER -Iodine-125
for _____________? - ANSWER -
Screening
What is the texture index that evaluates the pixel
gray-level variations in lumber spine DXA
What is the most important clinical consequence images? - ANSWER -TBS (Trabecular
, ARRT Bone Density Exam Study Set
Bone Score)
-different databases
When does type 2 primary osteoporosis
generally occur? - ANSWER -after age 70 The primary mechanism of action of
antiresorptive therapies is the direct interaction
with the __________________ -
What technique used images of the hand and an ANSWER -osteoclasts
aluminum wedge? - ANSWER -RA
(Radiograhic Absorptiometry)
Which site is preferred for determination of
fracture prediction? - ANSWER -proximal
New bone is formed by the ___________? - femur
ANSWER -osteoblasts
What is one disease not associated with low
Cancellous bone is also known as BMD? - ANSWER -osteopetrosis
_______________? - ANSWER -
Trabecular bone
DXA results may be influenced by......... -
ANSWER --body thickness
How would you start labeling the vertebral bodies
on a PA lumbar scan? - ANSWER -Start at -degenerative changes
L4 and count/label up
-fractures
With changes in rotation of the femoral neck, -scan mode
what happens? - ANSWER -Increases the
BMD
A great forearm scan should include....... -
ANSWER --forearm centered
If daily QC fails, what should be your first step of
action? - ANSWER --repeat the scan -forearm straight
-if scan fails again, then call for help -free of artifacts
Although the technology is similar with all of the Phantoms that mimic the shape and size of a
DXA units, the BMD results are different skeletal region are called
______________________________. -
because.......... - ANSWER --different
calibration standards ANSWER -anthromomorphic phantoms
-algorithms to calculate BMD
What is the formula used to calculate BMD? -
-differences in the ROI ANSWER -BMD = BMC/Area
, ARRT Bone Density Exam Study Set
How often should you perform the QA on the What are the two most common methods for
DXA unit? - ANSWER -everyday you scan shifting the energies in DXA units? -
ANSWER --energy shifting
Radiogammetry is the measurement of bones -k-edge filters
using skeletal x-rays/radiographs. Which site was
often used? - ANSWER -metacarpals
Why do you use the hip positioner during
scanning of the proximal femur? -
With voltage switching units, what type of ANSWER -to place the femoral neck
calibration is used? - ANSWER -continuous parallel to the tabletop
internal calibration--wheel or drum
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss by.... -
For low energies, the most common process of ANSWER -reducing the activity of the
absorption is the ________________________ osteoclasts
effect. - ANSWER -photoelectric
If a patient has a history of hyperparathyroidism,
What are some comparisons to the amount of what would the preferred site be for evaluation? -
effective dose given during a central DXA scan? ANSWER -33% or 1/3 of the forearm
- ANSWER --less than a day of background
radiation
What is important for serial monitoring? -
-less than a round trip from Boston to LA ANSWER -precision
-one-tenth of a chest xray
What pharmaceutical may be suggested for a
woman with a high risk of breast cancer and
Why is the non-dominant arm used in bone elevated lipids? - ANSWER -Evista
densitometry? - ANSWER -reference (Raloxifene)
values reflect non-dominant arm measurements
What year was the Bone Mass Measurement Act
When measuring the proximal femur, how should proposed? - ANSWER -1997
the neck ROI be placed? - ANSWER -the
neck ROI should be perpendicular to the femoral
neck What type of osteoporosis is a result of
menopause? - ANSWER -Primary
Osteoporosis Type 1
What is the bone edge detection methodology? -
ANSWER -it tests the machines ability to
distinguish bone from soft tissue What classes of cells are involved in bone
, ARRT Bone Density Exam Study Set
remodeling? - ANSWER --osteoclasts
-osteoblasts What percentage of the skeletal body mass is
cortical bone? - ANSWER -80%
-osteocytes
Bone mineral density is expressed as......... -
What therapy mimics the effects of estrogen on ANSWER -g/cm squared
bone and has antiestrogenic effects in other
tissue? - ANSWER -Raloxifene
How many times should you scan a patient with
in-vivo precision study? - ANSWER --30
In both men and women, bone mass increases patients scanned twice
until approximately what age? - ANSWER -
30 years -15 patients scanned 3 times
What must be performed in order to compare When analyzing the PA spine, what should you
studies when a new machine is bought? - not mess with? - ANSWER -Width of ROI
ANSWER -cross-calibration box
Which acronym best describes the least amount How many places to the right of the decimal point
of BMD change that can be statistically is used in reporting BMD? - ANSWER -3
significant? - ANSWER -LSC
The name of the forearm sites are based on
What are the 2 types of bone? - ANSWER - what? - ANSWER -the location of the site
-cortical on the bone in relationship to the overall length
-trabecular
A postmenopausal woman with a femoral neck T-
score of -2.0 SD below a young adult is to be
What parameters are used to calculate rate of classified as....... - ANSWER -osteopenia
change for a follow-up scan? - ANSWER -
BMD
What happens when there is an imbalance or
uncoupling of the remodeling cycle? -
The shoulders of a patient should be squared ANSWER -the usual result is a net loss in
with their ________. - ANSWER -pelvis the bone mass
What are the preferred sites for the A technologist should perform a precision study
measurement of bone density in children? - in order to calculate _______________. -
ANSWER -spine and total body less head ANSWER -LSC (Least Significant Change)
