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APHY 102 IVY TECH SPRING FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026 100% PASS ASSURED
EXAMINATION SOLUTIONS
Who regulates pituitary gland secretion? -
correct answer- Releasing hormones from the
hypothalamus
What is a hormone and how does it act? -
correct answer- Hormones are chemical
messengers that are responsible for
regulation. They are secreted into body
fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions
on target tissues, which are any tissue that
has specific receptors for that particular
hormone.
Compare and contrast glucagon and insulin -
correct answer- Glucagon stimulates the liver
to break down glycogen and convert
noncarbohydrates into glucose and it
stimulates the breakdown of fats.
Insulin promotes the formation of glycogen
from glucose, inhibits conversion of
noncarbohydrates into glucose, and enhances
movement of glucose through adipose and muscle
cell membranes, decreasing blood glucose
concentration and promotes transport of amino
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acids into cells, as well as enhances
synthesis of proteins and fats.
Both work to keep blood glucose concentration
constant, but glucagon breaks down glycogen
into glucose and insulin forms glycogen from
glucose.
How are pheromones different than hormones -
correct answer- is a chemical signal sent
between members of the same species. Are a
type of hormone that are released in small
quantities and play a big role in physical
attraction between people.
How is inhibin used in the body? - correct
answer- Inhibits the anterior pituitary gland
by negative feedback. This action prevents
over secretion of FSH. It is secreted by cells
of the testes and ovaries. FSH is secreted by
anterior pituitary gland. It is a glycoprotein
hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? - correct answer- a
secretion that enters interstitial fluid but
affects only neighboring cells
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What is an autocrine gland? - correct answer-
A secretion that only affects the secreting
cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - correct answer-
Secretes hormones into the internal
environment
What are exocrine glands? - correct answer-
have secretions that enter tubes or ducts that
lead to body surfaces.
What is diabetes insipidus? - correct answer-
is the impairment of ADH regulation of water
balance. Tumors and injury affecting the
hypothalamus and posterior pituitary can cause
this. You are always thirsty and have large
amounts of urine output.
What is diabetes mellitus? - correct answer-
There are two kinds - type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 is when the pancreas cannot produce
insulin. It is an autoimmune disorder in which
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the immune system attacks the pancreatic beta
cells. This destroys the ability to produce
insulin.
Type 2 is non insulin dependents. Cells lose
their insulin receptors and are less able to
respond to insulin. Insulin
Describe steroid hormones - correct answer-
Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones.
Steroid hormones diffuse through cell
membranes and enter cytoplasm or nucleus. Then
they combine with a receptor molecule, which
together bind to DNA and promote transcription
of messenger RNA. mRNA enters the cytoplasm
and directs protein synthesis. Newly
synthesized proteins produce hormone's
specific effects. They are derived from
cholesterol. Vitamin D is a modified steroid.
Describe tropic hormones - correct answer-
Stimulate other endocrine glands to release
hormones. The hypothalamus controls the
anterior pituitary glands release of this type
of hormone
Describe normal blood: number of each cell
type, pH. - correct answer- Blood is about 8%
APHY 102 IVY TECH SPRING FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026 100% PASS ASSURED
EXAMINATION SOLUTIONS
Who regulates pituitary gland secretion? -
correct answer- Releasing hormones from the
hypothalamus
What is a hormone and how does it act? -
correct answer- Hormones are chemical
messengers that are responsible for
regulation. They are secreted into body
fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions
on target tissues, which are any tissue that
has specific receptors for that particular
hormone.
Compare and contrast glucagon and insulin -
correct answer- Glucagon stimulates the liver
to break down glycogen and convert
noncarbohydrates into glucose and it
stimulates the breakdown of fats.
Insulin promotes the formation of glycogen
from glucose, inhibits conversion of
noncarbohydrates into glucose, and enhances
movement of glucose through adipose and muscle
cell membranes, decreasing blood glucose
concentration and promotes transport of amino
,2 | Page
acids into cells, as well as enhances
synthesis of proteins and fats.
Both work to keep blood glucose concentration
constant, but glucagon breaks down glycogen
into glucose and insulin forms glycogen from
glucose.
How are pheromones different than hormones -
correct answer- is a chemical signal sent
between members of the same species. Are a
type of hormone that are released in small
quantities and play a big role in physical
attraction between people.
How is inhibin used in the body? - correct
answer- Inhibits the anterior pituitary gland
by negative feedback. This action prevents
over secretion of FSH. It is secreted by cells
of the testes and ovaries. FSH is secreted by
anterior pituitary gland. It is a glycoprotein
hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? - correct answer- a
secretion that enters interstitial fluid but
affects only neighboring cells
,3 | Page
What is an autocrine gland? - correct answer-
A secretion that only affects the secreting
cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - correct answer-
Secretes hormones into the internal
environment
What are exocrine glands? - correct answer-
have secretions that enter tubes or ducts that
lead to body surfaces.
What is diabetes insipidus? - correct answer-
is the impairment of ADH regulation of water
balance. Tumors and injury affecting the
hypothalamus and posterior pituitary can cause
this. You are always thirsty and have large
amounts of urine output.
What is diabetes mellitus? - correct answer-
There are two kinds - type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 is when the pancreas cannot produce
insulin. It is an autoimmune disorder in which
, 4 | Page
the immune system attacks the pancreatic beta
cells. This destroys the ability to produce
insulin.
Type 2 is non insulin dependents. Cells lose
their insulin receptors and are less able to
respond to insulin. Insulin
Describe steroid hormones - correct answer-
Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones.
Steroid hormones diffuse through cell
membranes and enter cytoplasm or nucleus. Then
they combine with a receptor molecule, which
together bind to DNA and promote transcription
of messenger RNA. mRNA enters the cytoplasm
and directs protein synthesis. Newly
synthesized proteins produce hormone's
specific effects. They are derived from
cholesterol. Vitamin D is a modified steroid.
Describe tropic hormones - correct answer-
Stimulate other endocrine glands to release
hormones. The hypothalamus controls the
anterior pituitary glands release of this type
of hormone
Describe normal blood: number of each cell
type, pH. - correct answer- Blood is about 8%
