N212 Exam 2 Comprehensive Study Guide for Nursing Students |
Questions and Answers | Latest Update
N212 Exam 2 Revised Study Guide
1. Plan of care for a client who has cirrhosis
- Monitor intake/output, restrict fluid and sodium, measure
abdominal girth daily, and monitor for complications
(encephalopathy, portal HTN, esophageal varices, and hemorrhage)
2. Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
- Hair dry/loss, brittle nails, skin dry, bone loss, vision change,
muscle cramps/tingling, fatigue (low calcium)
3. Signs of improvement for dehydration – lab values
- S/S - sunken eyes, decreased LOC, increased cap
refill, decreased urine (dark amber foul smelling)
- Lab values - elevated sodium (greater than 145),
higher urine specific gravity, high BUN/creatinine,
high albumin, high HgB and Hct
4. Clinical manifestations of DKA
-BG is extremely high (350-500)
-Kussmaul’s breathing
-Fruity Breath
-3 P’s
-Lethargy/Blurred Vision
-Nausea and Vomiting
5. Risk factors of metabolic acidosis
- Diarrhea
- Renal Failure/Disease
- Uncontrolled Diabetes
6. Interventions to promote thinning of secretions
- Increase fluids
- Expectorant
- CPT
7. Nurse priority of patient’s complaining of difficulty breathing
- Raise head of the bed
- Check O2
- Loosen restrictive clothing (if necessary)
8. Nurse priority of patient experiencing Status Asthmaticus
- Give Oxygen
- Treat/prevent pneumothorax
- Give beta2 and steroids
9. Adverse effects of prednisone
- Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, edema, adrenal suppression,
increased appetite, weight gain, delayed wound healing,
increased risk of infection
10. Clinical manifestations of ARDS
- Tachypnea, dyspnea, retractions (chest sinking in), crackles (due to
increase of fluid in lungs), restlessness, anxiety, confusion,
hypotension (going into shock)
, 11. Characteristics of cellular damage to the pulmonary epithelium
- Severe acute inflammation and pulmonary edema
- Inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, edema
12. Plan of care for ARDS patients
-Remove causative factors, administer 100% O2,
mechanical ventilation (PEEP machine → keeps
airways open during expiration)
13. Prevention of chronic bronchitis
- No smoking
- Manage other respiratory condition
- Exercise
- Drink clear fluids
14. Risk factors of hypoxemic respiratory failure
- Lung conditions - cancer, COPD, asthma
- Injuries - chest, brain, spinal cord
- Infections - lungs, airways, brain, spinal cord
- Smoking/Excessive alcohol
15. Common cause of ARDS
- Inhaling: Inhaling vomit, food, smoke, chemical fumes, or water
during near drowning
- Trauma: Chest trauma, head trauma, or other injuries can bruise the
lungs or cause fat embolisms
- Infections: Pneumonia, septic shock, or viral infections like
COVID-19 can cause ARDS
- Medical procedures: Lung or heart surgery, being on a heart-lung
bypass machine, or having a blood transfusion can increase the risk
of ARDS Other conditions: Pancreatitis, reactions to certain
medications, or other medical conditions can also increase the risk
of ARDS
16. Lab values for hypothyroidism. Know the values
- TSH (normal 0.4 to 4mU/L) will be high in hypothyroidism
- T3 and T4 will be low
17. Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis
- Central nervous system: Confusion, stupor, coma, lightheadedness,
and decreased cerebral blood flow
- Peripheral neuropathy: Tremors, tingling, numbness, and muscle
weakness
- Muscle: Twitching, cramps, spasms, and hypertonicity
- Heart: Arrhythmias, irregular heartbeat, and decreased myocardial
contractility
- Other: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, irritability, and seizures
18. Characteristics of DKA
-BG is extremely high (350-500)
-Kussmaul’s breathing
-Fruity Breath
-3 P’s
-Lethargy/Blurred Vision
-Nausea and Vomiting
Questions and Answers | Latest Update
N212 Exam 2 Revised Study Guide
1. Plan of care for a client who has cirrhosis
- Monitor intake/output, restrict fluid and sodium, measure
abdominal girth daily, and monitor for complications
(encephalopathy, portal HTN, esophageal varices, and hemorrhage)
2. Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
- Hair dry/loss, brittle nails, skin dry, bone loss, vision change,
muscle cramps/tingling, fatigue (low calcium)
3. Signs of improvement for dehydration – lab values
- S/S - sunken eyes, decreased LOC, increased cap
refill, decreased urine (dark amber foul smelling)
- Lab values - elevated sodium (greater than 145),
higher urine specific gravity, high BUN/creatinine,
high albumin, high HgB and Hct
4. Clinical manifestations of DKA
-BG is extremely high (350-500)
-Kussmaul’s breathing
-Fruity Breath
-3 P’s
-Lethargy/Blurred Vision
-Nausea and Vomiting
5. Risk factors of metabolic acidosis
- Diarrhea
- Renal Failure/Disease
- Uncontrolled Diabetes
6. Interventions to promote thinning of secretions
- Increase fluids
- Expectorant
- CPT
7. Nurse priority of patient’s complaining of difficulty breathing
- Raise head of the bed
- Check O2
- Loosen restrictive clothing (if necessary)
8. Nurse priority of patient experiencing Status Asthmaticus
- Give Oxygen
- Treat/prevent pneumothorax
- Give beta2 and steroids
9. Adverse effects of prednisone
- Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, edema, adrenal suppression,
increased appetite, weight gain, delayed wound healing,
increased risk of infection
10. Clinical manifestations of ARDS
- Tachypnea, dyspnea, retractions (chest sinking in), crackles (due to
increase of fluid in lungs), restlessness, anxiety, confusion,
hypotension (going into shock)
, 11. Characteristics of cellular damage to the pulmonary epithelium
- Severe acute inflammation and pulmonary edema
- Inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, edema
12. Plan of care for ARDS patients
-Remove causative factors, administer 100% O2,
mechanical ventilation (PEEP machine → keeps
airways open during expiration)
13. Prevention of chronic bronchitis
- No smoking
- Manage other respiratory condition
- Exercise
- Drink clear fluids
14. Risk factors of hypoxemic respiratory failure
- Lung conditions - cancer, COPD, asthma
- Injuries - chest, brain, spinal cord
- Infections - lungs, airways, brain, spinal cord
- Smoking/Excessive alcohol
15. Common cause of ARDS
- Inhaling: Inhaling vomit, food, smoke, chemical fumes, or water
during near drowning
- Trauma: Chest trauma, head trauma, or other injuries can bruise the
lungs or cause fat embolisms
- Infections: Pneumonia, septic shock, or viral infections like
COVID-19 can cause ARDS
- Medical procedures: Lung or heart surgery, being on a heart-lung
bypass machine, or having a blood transfusion can increase the risk
of ARDS Other conditions: Pancreatitis, reactions to certain
medications, or other medical conditions can also increase the risk
of ARDS
16. Lab values for hypothyroidism. Know the values
- TSH (normal 0.4 to 4mU/L) will be high in hypothyroidism
- T3 and T4 will be low
17. Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis
- Central nervous system: Confusion, stupor, coma, lightheadedness,
and decreased cerebral blood flow
- Peripheral neuropathy: Tremors, tingling, numbness, and muscle
weakness
- Muscle: Twitching, cramps, spasms, and hypertonicity
- Heart: Arrhythmias, irregular heartbeat, and decreased myocardial
contractility
- Other: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, irritability, and seizures
18. Characteristics of DKA
-BG is extremely high (350-500)
-Kussmaul’s breathing
-Fruity Breath
-3 P’s
-Lethargy/Blurred Vision
-Nausea and Vomiting
