NSG 320 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026 EDITION
What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia? - ANS Renal failure
What are causes of hyperkalemia? - ANS Movement of ICF to ECF (burn or crush injury, tumor
lysis, massive infections, intense exercises)
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANS fatigue, confusion, tetany, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, weakness
What IV solution can be given for hyperkalemia? - ANS IV regular insulin with dextrose, IV
calcium chloride or calcium gluconate (does not lower potassium but reverses the toxic effects)
What should be given to a patient that is experiencing dangerous rhythms from hyperkalemia? -
ANS IV calcium immediately (monitor BP bc calcium can cause hypotension)
What should the IV KCl infusion rate never exceed? - ANS 10 mEq/hr
Importance of digoxin and hypokalemia - ANS digoxin can increased risk of toxicity if serum
potassium is low. monitor for digitalis toxicity (confusion, N/V, GI problems, lethargy)
1
@2026 EDITION ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Discharge teaching should be given... - ANS during preoperative phase
What is the most common cause of COPD - ANS smoking
Priority nursing intervention for patient with COPD - ANS -incentive spirometry (raise o2
stats)
-assess triggers that may cause exacerbation
-SMOKING CESSATION
Respiratory Acidosis - ANS pH: low
PaCo2: high
HCo3: Normal
Respiratory Alkalosis - ANS pH: high
Paco2: low
Hco3: normal
Metabolic Acidosis - ANS ph: low
Paco2: normal
Hco3: low
Metabolic Alkalosis - ANS pH: high
Paco2: normal
HCo3: high
A1C - ANS blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess glucose
control
> 6.5% indicates diabetes
2
@2026 EDITION ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026 EDITION
What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia? - ANS Renal failure
What are causes of hyperkalemia? - ANS Movement of ICF to ECF (burn or crush injury, tumor
lysis, massive infections, intense exercises)
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANS fatigue, confusion, tetany, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, weakness
What IV solution can be given for hyperkalemia? - ANS IV regular insulin with dextrose, IV
calcium chloride or calcium gluconate (does not lower potassium but reverses the toxic effects)
What should be given to a patient that is experiencing dangerous rhythms from hyperkalemia? -
ANS IV calcium immediately (monitor BP bc calcium can cause hypotension)
What should the IV KCl infusion rate never exceed? - ANS 10 mEq/hr
Importance of digoxin and hypokalemia - ANS digoxin can increased risk of toxicity if serum
potassium is low. monitor for digitalis toxicity (confusion, N/V, GI problems, lethargy)
1
@2026 EDITION ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Discharge teaching should be given... - ANS during preoperative phase
What is the most common cause of COPD - ANS smoking
Priority nursing intervention for patient with COPD - ANS -incentive spirometry (raise o2
stats)
-assess triggers that may cause exacerbation
-SMOKING CESSATION
Respiratory Acidosis - ANS pH: low
PaCo2: high
HCo3: Normal
Respiratory Alkalosis - ANS pH: high
Paco2: low
Hco3: normal
Metabolic Acidosis - ANS ph: low
Paco2: normal
Hco3: low
Metabolic Alkalosis - ANS pH: high
Paco2: normal
HCo3: high
A1C - ANS blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess glucose
control
> 6.5% indicates diabetes
2
@2026 EDITION ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
