NSG 320 URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS 2026 EDITION
Urinary Tract Infections are caused by: - ANS Bacteria introduced into the urethra
Two types of Urinary Tract Infections: - ANS 1. Upper UTI
2. Lower UTI
Complicated UTIs are classified as infections occurring in patients with: - ANS - Coexisting
obstruction, stones, or catheters
- Abnormal gastrointestinal tract
- Diabetes or neurologic diseases
- Resistance to antibiotics
- Weakened immune system
- Pregnancy-induced changes
- Recurrent infections
Urethritis: - ANS - Inflammation of the urethra
-Causes: Bacterial, viral, trichomonas, and monilial infection (especially in women), chlamydial
infection, and gonorrhea (especially in men).
Urethritis symptoms: - ANS - Bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms similar to those seen
with cystitis, including:
1
@2026 EDITION ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, - Dysuria
- Urgency
- Frequent urination
Acute Pyelonephritis - ANS - Begins with colonization and infection of the lower urinary tract.
-Physical abnormalities may also be present:
Vesicoureteral reflux (retrograde [backward] movement of urine from lower to upper urinary
tract)
Dysfunction of the lower urinary tract
Acute Pyelonephritis symptoms: - ANS The clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis
vary and may include:
- Mild fatigue
- Sudden onset of chills or fever
- Vomiting
- Malaise
- Flank pain
- Dysuria
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Costovertebral tenderness to percussion (costovertebral angle [CVA] pain), typically present on
the affected side
Chronic Pyelonephritis: - ANS - In chronic pyelonephritis the kidneys become small, atrophic,
and shrunken and lose function as a result of fibrosis (scarring).
- Chronic pyelonephritis is usually the result of recurring infections involving the upper urinary
tract.
- However, it may also occur in the absence of an existing infection, recent infection, or history
of UTIs.
2
@2026 EDITION ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS 2026 EDITION
Urinary Tract Infections are caused by: - ANS Bacteria introduced into the urethra
Two types of Urinary Tract Infections: - ANS 1. Upper UTI
2. Lower UTI
Complicated UTIs are classified as infections occurring in patients with: - ANS - Coexisting
obstruction, stones, or catheters
- Abnormal gastrointestinal tract
- Diabetes or neurologic diseases
- Resistance to antibiotics
- Weakened immune system
- Pregnancy-induced changes
- Recurrent infections
Urethritis: - ANS - Inflammation of the urethra
-Causes: Bacterial, viral, trichomonas, and monilial infection (especially in women), chlamydial
infection, and gonorrhea (especially in men).
Urethritis symptoms: - ANS - Bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms similar to those seen
with cystitis, including:
1
@2026 EDITION ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, - Dysuria
- Urgency
- Frequent urination
Acute Pyelonephritis - ANS - Begins with colonization and infection of the lower urinary tract.
-Physical abnormalities may also be present:
Vesicoureteral reflux (retrograde [backward] movement of urine from lower to upper urinary
tract)
Dysfunction of the lower urinary tract
Acute Pyelonephritis symptoms: - ANS The clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis
vary and may include:
- Mild fatigue
- Sudden onset of chills or fever
- Vomiting
- Malaise
- Flank pain
- Dysuria
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Costovertebral tenderness to percussion (costovertebral angle [CVA] pain), typically present on
the affected side
Chronic Pyelonephritis: - ANS - In chronic pyelonephritis the kidneys become small, atrophic,
and shrunken and lose function as a result of fibrosis (scarring).
- Chronic pyelonephritis is usually the result of recurring infections involving the upper urinary
tract.
- However, it may also occur in the absence of an existing infection, recent infection, or history
of UTIs.
2
@2026 EDITION ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
