NURS6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL WEEK 12 CERTIFICATION TEST 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
◉ Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to
accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation. Answer: Oncogenes are
genes that:
a. Encode proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins
to slow or halt replacement of tissue
b. Direct synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and provide
necessary replacement of tissue c. Have undergone mutation to
direct malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for
metastasis
d. Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to
accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
◉ Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure,
respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by
which area of the brain?
A) pons
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
,D) medulla oblongata. Answer: Ans: D- medulla oblongata
◉ The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is
considered life threatening because of which possible outcome?
A) hypovolemic shock from blood loss during the injury
B) breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
C) head injury that likely occurred during the injury
D) spinal shock immediately after the injury. Answer: Ans: B-
breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
◉ Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely.
Answer: How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?
a. Use it to repair the telomere to restore somatic cell growth
b. Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
c. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
d. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell
division
◉ human papillomavirus. Answer: The major virus involved in
cervical cancer is
a. human papillomavirus
b. human cervical endogenous virus
,c. herpes simplex virus
d. human immunodeficiency virus
◉ What term is used to describe the complication that can result
from a spinal cord injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal
hypertension, as well as piloerection ans sweating above the spinal
cord lesion?
A) craniosacral dysreflexia
B) parasympathetic dysreflexia
C) autonomic hyperreflexia
D) retrograde hyperreflexia. Answer: Ans: C- autonomic
hyperreflexia
◉ anti-oncogenes. Answer: umor suppressor genes encode proteins
that in their normal state negatively regulate proliferation. They are
also called
a. anti-oncogenes
b. proto-oncogenes
c. mutation of RAS gene
d. oncogenes
◉ Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
, A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter
junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons
caused by viral-immune factors. Answer: Ans: A- a CNS
demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
◉ deep venous thrombosis. Answer: What is the usual source of this
condition in the lung from an obese smoker who had sudden death?
a. valvular disease
b. left heart failure
c. endocartitis
d. deep venous thrombosis
◉ Graves disease develops from:
A) a viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction
of thyroid hormone
B) an autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous
tissue replace thyroid tissue
C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, which causes
overproduction of thyroid hormones
FINAL WEEK 12 CERTIFICATION TEST 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
◉ Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to
accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation. Answer: Oncogenes are
genes that:
a. Encode proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins
to slow or halt replacement of tissue
b. Direct synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and provide
necessary replacement of tissue c. Have undergone mutation to
direct malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for
metastasis
d. Have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to
accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
◉ Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure,
respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by
which area of the brain?
A) pons
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
,D) medulla oblongata. Answer: Ans: D- medulla oblongata
◉ The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is
considered life threatening because of which possible outcome?
A) hypovolemic shock from blood loss during the injury
B) breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
C) head injury that likely occurred during the injury
D) spinal shock immediately after the injury. Answer: Ans: B-
breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
◉ Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely.
Answer: How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?
a. Use it to repair the telomere to restore somatic cell growth
b. Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
c. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely
d. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell
division
◉ human papillomavirus. Answer: The major virus involved in
cervical cancer is
a. human papillomavirus
b. human cervical endogenous virus
,c. herpes simplex virus
d. human immunodeficiency virus
◉ What term is used to describe the complication that can result
from a spinal cord injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal
hypertension, as well as piloerection ans sweating above the spinal
cord lesion?
A) craniosacral dysreflexia
B) parasympathetic dysreflexia
C) autonomic hyperreflexia
D) retrograde hyperreflexia. Answer: Ans: C- autonomic
hyperreflexia
◉ anti-oncogenes. Answer: umor suppressor genes encode proteins
that in their normal state negatively regulate proliferation. They are
also called
a. anti-oncogenes
b. proto-oncogenes
c. mutation of RAS gene
d. oncogenes
◉ Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
, A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter
junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder
C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons
caused by viral-immune factors. Answer: Ans: A- a CNS
demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
◉ deep venous thrombosis. Answer: What is the usual source of this
condition in the lung from an obese smoker who had sudden death?
a. valvular disease
b. left heart failure
c. endocartitis
d. deep venous thrombosis
◉ Graves disease develops from:
A) a viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction
of thyroid hormone
B) an autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous
tissue replace thyroid tissue
C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, which causes
overproduction of thyroid hormones
