Hematology Chapter 34: Comprehensive Q&A for
Exam Preparation
what is anemia? - ANSWERit is a deficiency in the number of RBCs, the
quantity or quality of hemoglobin, and/or volume of packed RBCs
(hematocrit)
caused by:
-blood loss
-impaired RBC production
-increased RBC destruction
***identified by morphology (cell shape and color) or etiology (cause)
what are the manifestions of Anemia? - ANSWER*think Hypoxia*
skin:
-pallor, jaundice, and itching
cardiopulmonary:
-systolic murmurs and bruits, increased HR, risk of MI, HF, ascites,
cardiomegaly, and peripheral edema
What are the causes (etiology) of anemia? - ANSWER1) decreased RBC
production
2) blood loss
3) increased RBC destruction
,1) decreased RBC production - ANSWERcan result from:
-deficient nutrients (iron, cobalamin, folic acid)
-decreased erythropoietin
-decreased iron availability
2) blood loss - ANSWERIt can be:
1) chronic
-bleeding duodenal ulcer
-colorectal cancer
-liver disease
-menstrual flow
2) acute
-acute trauma
-rupture aortic aneurysm
- GI bleeding
3) Increased RBC destruction - ANSWERhemolysis:
-sickle cell disease
-medication (methyldopa)
-incompatible blood
-trauma (cardiopulmonary bypass)
What are some nursing interventions for a patient with anemia? -
ANSWERacute:
-blood transfusions
, - drug therapy (iron supplements)
- Oxygen therapy
Long term:
-diet and lifestyle changes
- encourage alternate rest and activity periods
what is the general assessment for anemia? - ANSWERGeneral:
-lethargy, apathy, fever
Cardiovascular:
- ^HR, systolic murmur, dysrhythmias, postural hypotension, bruits (carotid),
intermittent claudication, ankle edema
GI:
-Hepatosplenomegaly, glossitis, beefy red tongue, stomatitis, abdominal
distention,
anorexia
Neurologic:
- headache, roaring in the ears, confusion, impaired judgment, irritability,
ataxia, unsteady gait, paralysis
Respiratory:
-tachypnea
Exam Preparation
what is anemia? - ANSWERit is a deficiency in the number of RBCs, the
quantity or quality of hemoglobin, and/or volume of packed RBCs
(hematocrit)
caused by:
-blood loss
-impaired RBC production
-increased RBC destruction
***identified by morphology (cell shape and color) or etiology (cause)
what are the manifestions of Anemia? - ANSWER*think Hypoxia*
skin:
-pallor, jaundice, and itching
cardiopulmonary:
-systolic murmurs and bruits, increased HR, risk of MI, HF, ascites,
cardiomegaly, and peripheral edema
What are the causes (etiology) of anemia? - ANSWER1) decreased RBC
production
2) blood loss
3) increased RBC destruction
,1) decreased RBC production - ANSWERcan result from:
-deficient nutrients (iron, cobalamin, folic acid)
-decreased erythropoietin
-decreased iron availability
2) blood loss - ANSWERIt can be:
1) chronic
-bleeding duodenal ulcer
-colorectal cancer
-liver disease
-menstrual flow
2) acute
-acute trauma
-rupture aortic aneurysm
- GI bleeding
3) Increased RBC destruction - ANSWERhemolysis:
-sickle cell disease
-medication (methyldopa)
-incompatible blood
-trauma (cardiopulmonary bypass)
What are some nursing interventions for a patient with anemia? -
ANSWERacute:
-blood transfusions
, - drug therapy (iron supplements)
- Oxygen therapy
Long term:
-diet and lifestyle changes
- encourage alternate rest and activity periods
what is the general assessment for anemia? - ANSWERGeneral:
-lethargy, apathy, fever
Cardiovascular:
- ^HR, systolic murmur, dysrhythmias, postural hypotension, bruits (carotid),
intermittent claudication, ankle edema
GI:
-Hepatosplenomegaly, glossitis, beefy red tongue, stomatitis, abdominal
distention,
anorexia
Neurologic:
- headache, roaring in the ears, confusion, impaired judgment, irritability,
ataxia, unsteady gait, paralysis
Respiratory:
-tachypnea
