AHA PALS Exam Questions & Answers |
Pediatric Advanced Life Support Study
Guide|100% Verified and Updated| Latest
Version and Brand new Version|Revisied
and Rationalized
1. A 5-year-old child presents with lethargy, increased work of
breathing, and pale color. The primary assessment reveals that the
airway is open and the respiratory rate is 30/min, with crackles heard
on auscultation. The cardiac monitor shows sinus tachycardia at a
rate of 165/min. The pulse oximeter displays an oxygen saturation of
95% and a pulse rate of 93/min. On the basis of this information, which
of the following provides the best interpretation of the oxygen
saturation of 95% by pulse oximetry?
A. Reliable; no supplementary oxygen is indicated B. Reliable;
supplementary oxygen should be administered
C. Unreliable; no supplementary oxygen is indicated
D. Unreliable; supplementary oxygen should be administered
ANS: Unreliable; supplementary oxygen should be administered
2. A 3-year-old child was recently diagnosed with leukemia and has
been treated with chemotherapy. The child presents with lethargy
and a high fever. Heart rate is 195/min, respiratory rate is 36/min,
blood pressure is 85/40 mm Hg, and capillary refill time is less than 2
seconds. What is the child's most likely condition?
A. Septic shock
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Significant bradycardia
D. Cardiogenic shock
,ANS: Septic shock
3. A 2-week-old infant presents with irritability and a history of poor
feeding. Blood pressure is 55/40 mm Hg. What term describes this
infant's blood pressure?
A. Hypotensive
B. Normal
C. Hypertensive
D. Compensated
ANS: Hypotensive
4. During a resuscitation attempt, the team leader orders an initial
dose of epinephrine at 0.1 mg/kg to be given 10. What should the team
member do?
A. Administer the drug as ordered
B. Administer 0.01 mg/kg of epinephrine
C. Respectfully ask the team leader to clarify the dose
D. Refuse to administer the drug
ANS: Respectfully ask the team leader to clarify the dose
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of respiratory failure?
A. Inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation
B. Hypotension
C. An increase in serum pH (alkalosis)
D. Abnormal respiratory sounds
ANS: Inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation
6. Which of the following is most likely to produce a prolonged
expiratory phase and wheezing?
A. Disordered control of breathing
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Lower airway obstruction
D. Upper airway obstruction
ANS: Lower airway obstruction
,7. A 4-year-old child presents with seizures and irregular respirations.
The seizures stopped a few minutes ago. Which of the following most
likely to be abnormal?
A. Vascular resistance
B. Pulse rate
C. Lung compliance
D. Control of breathing
ANS: Control of breathing
8. What abnormality is most likely to be present in children with acute
respiratory distress caused by lung tissue disease?
A. Decreased oxygen saturation
B. Stridor
C. Normal respiratory rate
D. Decreased respiratory effort
ANS: Decreased oxygen saturation
9. An alert 2-year-old child with an increased work of breathing and
pink color is being evaluated. Heart rate is 110/min, and respiratory
rate is 30/min. What would best describe this patient's condition? A.
Respiratory distress
B. Respiratory arrest
C. Respiratory failure
D. Disordered control of breathing
ANS: Respiratory distress
10. The parents of a 7-year-old child who is undergoing chemotherapy
report that the child has been febrile and has not been feeling well,
with recent onset of lethargy. Assessment reveals the following: The
child is difficult to arouse, with pale color. The child's heart rate is
160/min, respiratory rate is 30/min, blood pressure is 76/45 mm Hg,
capillary refill time is 5 to 6 seconds, and temperature is 103°F
(39.4°C). What is the most appropriate intervention?
A. Obtain vascular access and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic
crystalloid over 30 minutes
, B. Obtain vascular access and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic
crystalloid over 5 to 10 minutes
C. Obtain immediate blood cultures and chest x-ray D. Obtain expert
consultation with an oncologist to determine the chemotherapeutic
regimen
ANS: Obtain vascular access and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic
crystalloid over 5 to 10 minutes
11. A 2-year-old child presents with a 4-day history of vomiting. The
initial impression reveals an unresponsive child with intermittent
apnea and mottled color. Heart rate is 166/min, respiratory rate is now
being supported with bag-mask ventilation, capillary refill time is 5 to
6 seconds, and temperature is 102°F (38.9°C). What is the best
method of establishing immediate vascular access? A. Two providers
may attempt peripheral vascular access twice each
B. Three providers may attempt peripheral vascular access once
each
C. Place a central venous line
D. Place an intraosseous line
ANS: Place an intraosseous line
12. What is the appropriate fluid bolus to administer for a child with
hypovolemic shock with adequate myocardial function?
A. 10 mL/kg normal saline
B. 20 mL/kg of 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride
C. 20 mL/kg normal saline
D. 10 mL/kg lactated Ringer's
ANS: 20 mL/kg normal saline
13. An alert toddler presents with a barking cough, moderate stridor,
and moderate retractions. The child's color is pink. What is the most
appropriate initial intervention?
A. Obtain a chest radiograph
B. Administer nebulized epinephrine
Pediatric Advanced Life Support Study
Guide|100% Verified and Updated| Latest
Version and Brand new Version|Revisied
and Rationalized
1. A 5-year-old child presents with lethargy, increased work of
breathing, and pale color. The primary assessment reveals that the
airway is open and the respiratory rate is 30/min, with crackles heard
on auscultation. The cardiac monitor shows sinus tachycardia at a
rate of 165/min. The pulse oximeter displays an oxygen saturation of
95% and a pulse rate of 93/min. On the basis of this information, which
of the following provides the best interpretation of the oxygen
saturation of 95% by pulse oximetry?
A. Reliable; no supplementary oxygen is indicated B. Reliable;
supplementary oxygen should be administered
C. Unreliable; no supplementary oxygen is indicated
D. Unreliable; supplementary oxygen should be administered
ANS: Unreliable; supplementary oxygen should be administered
2. A 3-year-old child was recently diagnosed with leukemia and has
been treated with chemotherapy. The child presents with lethargy
and a high fever. Heart rate is 195/min, respiratory rate is 36/min,
blood pressure is 85/40 mm Hg, and capillary refill time is less than 2
seconds. What is the child's most likely condition?
A. Septic shock
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Significant bradycardia
D. Cardiogenic shock
,ANS: Septic shock
3. A 2-week-old infant presents with irritability and a history of poor
feeding. Blood pressure is 55/40 mm Hg. What term describes this
infant's blood pressure?
A. Hypotensive
B. Normal
C. Hypertensive
D. Compensated
ANS: Hypotensive
4. During a resuscitation attempt, the team leader orders an initial
dose of epinephrine at 0.1 mg/kg to be given 10. What should the team
member do?
A. Administer the drug as ordered
B. Administer 0.01 mg/kg of epinephrine
C. Respectfully ask the team leader to clarify the dose
D. Refuse to administer the drug
ANS: Respectfully ask the team leader to clarify the dose
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of respiratory failure?
A. Inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation
B. Hypotension
C. An increase in serum pH (alkalosis)
D. Abnormal respiratory sounds
ANS: Inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation
6. Which of the following is most likely to produce a prolonged
expiratory phase and wheezing?
A. Disordered control of breathing
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Lower airway obstruction
D. Upper airway obstruction
ANS: Lower airway obstruction
,7. A 4-year-old child presents with seizures and irregular respirations.
The seizures stopped a few minutes ago. Which of the following most
likely to be abnormal?
A. Vascular resistance
B. Pulse rate
C. Lung compliance
D. Control of breathing
ANS: Control of breathing
8. What abnormality is most likely to be present in children with acute
respiratory distress caused by lung tissue disease?
A. Decreased oxygen saturation
B. Stridor
C. Normal respiratory rate
D. Decreased respiratory effort
ANS: Decreased oxygen saturation
9. An alert 2-year-old child with an increased work of breathing and
pink color is being evaluated. Heart rate is 110/min, and respiratory
rate is 30/min. What would best describe this patient's condition? A.
Respiratory distress
B. Respiratory arrest
C. Respiratory failure
D. Disordered control of breathing
ANS: Respiratory distress
10. The parents of a 7-year-old child who is undergoing chemotherapy
report that the child has been febrile and has not been feeling well,
with recent onset of lethargy. Assessment reveals the following: The
child is difficult to arouse, with pale color. The child's heart rate is
160/min, respiratory rate is 30/min, blood pressure is 76/45 mm Hg,
capillary refill time is 5 to 6 seconds, and temperature is 103°F
(39.4°C). What is the most appropriate intervention?
A. Obtain vascular access and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic
crystalloid over 30 minutes
, B. Obtain vascular access and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic
crystalloid over 5 to 10 minutes
C. Obtain immediate blood cultures and chest x-ray D. Obtain expert
consultation with an oncologist to determine the chemotherapeutic
regimen
ANS: Obtain vascular access and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic
crystalloid over 5 to 10 minutes
11. A 2-year-old child presents with a 4-day history of vomiting. The
initial impression reveals an unresponsive child with intermittent
apnea and mottled color. Heart rate is 166/min, respiratory rate is now
being supported with bag-mask ventilation, capillary refill time is 5 to
6 seconds, and temperature is 102°F (38.9°C). What is the best
method of establishing immediate vascular access? A. Two providers
may attempt peripheral vascular access twice each
B. Three providers may attempt peripheral vascular access once
each
C. Place a central venous line
D. Place an intraosseous line
ANS: Place an intraosseous line
12. What is the appropriate fluid bolus to administer for a child with
hypovolemic shock with adequate myocardial function?
A. 10 mL/kg normal saline
B. 20 mL/kg of 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride
C. 20 mL/kg normal saline
D. 10 mL/kg lactated Ringer's
ANS: 20 mL/kg normal saline
13. An alert toddler presents with a barking cough, moderate stridor,
and moderate retractions. The child's color is pink. What is the most
appropriate initial intervention?
A. Obtain a chest radiograph
B. Administer nebulized epinephrine
