CCR Biology — Combined Notes
DNA Notes | RNA Notes | Protein Synthesis Notecard | Practice Makes Perfect | Mutations Notes | Genes, Heredity &
Mutations
1. DNA
• All grownups crave time (personal acronym)
• A=T and G=C — they all add to 100
• DNA is made from nucleotide monomers; the DNA double helix consists of two polynucleotide chains.
• Each nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, C, G,
or T).
• Nucleotide is made out of sugar and phosphate (making the backbone) and the base (one of the 4
letters).
• DNA sugar = deoxyribose | RNA sugar = ribose
• DNA is found in the nucleus and doesn't ever move.
• Amino acids can be put together like lego to make proteins, which make living cells, which make tissue,
which make organs, which make living creatures.
• Millions of kinds of proteins; they all must be in the right shape or they won't function.
• One function of DNA is telling amino acids where to go to make the right shape.
• DNA creates mini versions called RNA which go to the ribosome, which uses the RNA to make amino
acids go places.
2. DNA vs RNA
DNA RNA
Looks like a double helix (twisted ladder) The other type of nucleic acid
2 backbones Single stranded, 1 backbone
In the nucleus, doesn't ever move Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm — can move
around
Adenine – Thymine Adenine – Uracil
Guanine – Cytosine Guanine – Cytosine
Gives us our traits — "blueprint of life" Takes the recipe from DNA to make protein
Cooking analogy: DNA is the ingredients, RNA is the cook.
3. Types of RNA
mRNA tRNA rRNA
Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA
Reads the DNA and brings the Transports amino acids Acts like a foundation; helps
code to the ribosome to make (building blocks of protein) to support this process.
protein. the ribosome.
mRNA is "read" in groups of 3 The opposite of the codon
DNA Notes | RNA Notes | Protein Synthesis Notecard | Practice Makes Perfect | Mutations Notes | Genes, Heredity &
Mutations
1. DNA
• All grownups crave time (personal acronym)
• A=T and G=C — they all add to 100
• DNA is made from nucleotide monomers; the DNA double helix consists of two polynucleotide chains.
• Each nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, C, G,
or T).
• Nucleotide is made out of sugar and phosphate (making the backbone) and the base (one of the 4
letters).
• DNA sugar = deoxyribose | RNA sugar = ribose
• DNA is found in the nucleus and doesn't ever move.
• Amino acids can be put together like lego to make proteins, which make living cells, which make tissue,
which make organs, which make living creatures.
• Millions of kinds of proteins; they all must be in the right shape or they won't function.
• One function of DNA is telling amino acids where to go to make the right shape.
• DNA creates mini versions called RNA which go to the ribosome, which uses the RNA to make amino
acids go places.
2. DNA vs RNA
DNA RNA
Looks like a double helix (twisted ladder) The other type of nucleic acid
2 backbones Single stranded, 1 backbone
In the nucleus, doesn't ever move Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm — can move
around
Adenine – Thymine Adenine – Uracil
Guanine – Cytosine Guanine – Cytosine
Gives us our traits — "blueprint of life" Takes the recipe from DNA to make protein
Cooking analogy: DNA is the ingredients, RNA is the cook.
3. Types of RNA
mRNA tRNA rRNA
Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA
Reads the DNA and brings the Transports amino acids Acts like a foundation; helps
code to the ribosome to make (building blocks of protein) to support this process.
protein. the ribosome.
mRNA is "read" in groups of 3 The opposite of the codon
