NUTRITION PROCTORED EXAM 2026/2027 | Questions &
Answers | Comprehensive Rationales | Latest Edition | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF NUTRITION (20 Questions)
Q1: A 35-year-old male patient asks the nurse how many kilocalories are provided per
gram of protein. Which response by the nurse is correct?
A. 3 kilocalories per gram
B. 4 kilocalories per gram [CORRECT]
C. 7 kilocalories per gram
D. 9 kilocalories per gram
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protein provides 4 kilocalories (kcal) per gram. This is a fundamental
principle of energy metabolism. Carbohydrates also provide 4 kcal/g, while fats provide
9 kcal/g and alcohol provides 7 kcal/g. Option A (3 kcal/g) is incorrect—no
macronutrient provides exactly 3 kcal/g. Option C (7 kcal/g) describes alcohol, not
protein. Option D (9 kcal/g) describes fat. Understanding these energy values is
essential for calculating total energy intake and designing therapeutic diets.
Q2: The nurse is calculating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) for a 70-year-old female
patient using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. Which factor is NOT directly included in this
calculation?
,A. Body weight
B. Height
C. Physical activity level [CORRECT]
D. Age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Mifflin-St Jeor equation calculates BMR using weight (kg), height (cm),
age (years), and sex. The formula is: Women: BMR = (10 × weight) + (6.25 × height) - (5
× age) - 161. Physical activity level is NOT part of BMR calculation—it is used
subsequently to calculate total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by multiplying BMR by
an activity factor (1.2-1.9). Options A, B, and D are all direct components of the
equation. This distinction is clinically important because BMR represents energy needs
at complete rest, while TDEE includes activity.
Q3: Which of the following represents the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
(AMDR) for carbohydrates in a healthy adult's diet? (Select all that apply.)
A. 45-65% of total daily calories [CORRECT]
B. 10-35% of total daily calories
C. 20-35% of total daily calories
D. 130 grams per day minimum [CORRECT]
E. 45-65 grams per day
Correct Answers: A, D
,Rationale: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65% of total daily calories, with a
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 130 g/day minimum for adults (based on
brain glucose needs). Option B (10-35%) describes the AMDR for protein. Option C
(20-35%) describes the AMDR for fats. Option E (45-65 g/day) is incorrect—this range
represents the percentage converted to absolute numbers incorrectly. The AMDRs,
established by the Food and Nutrition Board, provide flexible ranges that reduce chronic
disease risk while ensuring adequate nutrient intake.
Q4: A patient is following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030. Which
recommendation should the nurse emphasize during dietary counseling?
A. Consume less than 5% of calories from saturated fats
B. Limit added sugars to less than 10% of calories per day [CORRECT]
C. Eliminate all dietary cholesterol
D. Consume 3,000 mg sodium daily
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030 recommend limiting added
sugars to less than 10% of calories per day for individuals aged 2 years and older.
Option A is incorrect—the guideline recommends less than 10% of calories from
saturated fats (not 5%). Option C is incorrect—dietary cholesterol is no longer a nutrient
of concern for overconsumption; the focus is on dietary patterns rather than specific
cholesterol limits. Option D is incorrect—the sodium recommendation remains less than
2,300 mg/day for adults. These guidelines emphasize healthy dietary patterns rather
than individual nutrients.
, Q5: The nurse is educating a patient about MyPlate guidelines. Which statement by the
patient indicates understanding of the vegetable subgroup recommendations?
A. "I should eat dark green vegetables every week" [CORRECT]
B. "Starchy vegetables should be avoided completely"
C. "Red and orange vegetables provide no nutritional value"
D. "I only need to eat vegetables from one subgroup"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: MyPlate recommends consuming vegetables from all five subgroups weekly:
dark green, red and orange, beans and peas (legumes), starchy, and other vegetables.
Dark green vegetables (spinach, kale, broccoli) are particularly emphasized for their high
nutrient density. Option B is incorrect—starchy vegetables (corn, potatoes, peas) provide
important nutrients and fiber. Option C is incorrect—red and orange vegetables are rich
in vitamin A and antioxidants. Option D is incorrect—variety across subgroups ensures
diverse nutrient intake. The weekly vegetable subgroup recommendations support
nutritional adequacy and disease prevention.
Q6: A patient asks about the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.
Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
A. "Water-soluble vitamins can be stored in the liver for months"
B. "Fat-soluble vitamins require dietary fat for absorption and can accumulate in body
tissues [CORRECT]
C. "Water-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K"
Answers | Comprehensive Rationales | Latest Edition | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF NUTRITION (20 Questions)
Q1: A 35-year-old male patient asks the nurse how many kilocalories are provided per
gram of protein. Which response by the nurse is correct?
A. 3 kilocalories per gram
B. 4 kilocalories per gram [CORRECT]
C. 7 kilocalories per gram
D. 9 kilocalories per gram
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protein provides 4 kilocalories (kcal) per gram. This is a fundamental
principle of energy metabolism. Carbohydrates also provide 4 kcal/g, while fats provide
9 kcal/g and alcohol provides 7 kcal/g. Option A (3 kcal/g) is incorrect—no
macronutrient provides exactly 3 kcal/g. Option C (7 kcal/g) describes alcohol, not
protein. Option D (9 kcal/g) describes fat. Understanding these energy values is
essential for calculating total energy intake and designing therapeutic diets.
Q2: The nurse is calculating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) for a 70-year-old female
patient using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. Which factor is NOT directly included in this
calculation?
,A. Body weight
B. Height
C. Physical activity level [CORRECT]
D. Age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Mifflin-St Jeor equation calculates BMR using weight (kg), height (cm),
age (years), and sex. The formula is: Women: BMR = (10 × weight) + (6.25 × height) - (5
× age) - 161. Physical activity level is NOT part of BMR calculation—it is used
subsequently to calculate total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by multiplying BMR by
an activity factor (1.2-1.9). Options A, B, and D are all direct components of the
equation. This distinction is clinically important because BMR represents energy needs
at complete rest, while TDEE includes activity.
Q3: Which of the following represents the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
(AMDR) for carbohydrates in a healthy adult's diet? (Select all that apply.)
A. 45-65% of total daily calories [CORRECT]
B. 10-35% of total daily calories
C. 20-35% of total daily calories
D. 130 grams per day minimum [CORRECT]
E. 45-65 grams per day
Correct Answers: A, D
,Rationale: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65% of total daily calories, with a
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 130 g/day minimum for adults (based on
brain glucose needs). Option B (10-35%) describes the AMDR for protein. Option C
(20-35%) describes the AMDR for fats. Option E (45-65 g/day) is incorrect—this range
represents the percentage converted to absolute numbers incorrectly. The AMDRs,
established by the Food and Nutrition Board, provide flexible ranges that reduce chronic
disease risk while ensuring adequate nutrient intake.
Q4: A patient is following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030. Which
recommendation should the nurse emphasize during dietary counseling?
A. Consume less than 5% of calories from saturated fats
B. Limit added sugars to less than 10% of calories per day [CORRECT]
C. Eliminate all dietary cholesterol
D. Consume 3,000 mg sodium daily
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030 recommend limiting added
sugars to less than 10% of calories per day for individuals aged 2 years and older.
Option A is incorrect—the guideline recommends less than 10% of calories from
saturated fats (not 5%). Option C is incorrect—dietary cholesterol is no longer a nutrient
of concern for overconsumption; the focus is on dietary patterns rather than specific
cholesterol limits. Option D is incorrect—the sodium recommendation remains less than
2,300 mg/day for adults. These guidelines emphasize healthy dietary patterns rather
than individual nutrients.
, Q5: The nurse is educating a patient about MyPlate guidelines. Which statement by the
patient indicates understanding of the vegetable subgroup recommendations?
A. "I should eat dark green vegetables every week" [CORRECT]
B. "Starchy vegetables should be avoided completely"
C. "Red and orange vegetables provide no nutritional value"
D. "I only need to eat vegetables from one subgroup"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: MyPlate recommends consuming vegetables from all five subgroups weekly:
dark green, red and orange, beans and peas (legumes), starchy, and other vegetables.
Dark green vegetables (spinach, kale, broccoli) are particularly emphasized for their high
nutrient density. Option B is incorrect—starchy vegetables (corn, potatoes, peas) provide
important nutrients and fiber. Option C is incorrect—red and orange vegetables are rich
in vitamin A and antioxidants. Option D is incorrect—variety across subgroups ensures
diverse nutrient intake. The weekly vegetable subgroup recommendations support
nutritional adequacy and disease prevention.
Q6: A patient asks about the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.
Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
A. "Water-soluble vitamins can be stored in the liver for months"
B. "Fat-soluble vitamins require dietary fat for absorption and can accumulate in body
tissues [CORRECT]
C. "Water-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K"
