NBME CBSE Actual exam COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

Type II pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -surfactant (*lecithin*)


Proliferate after injury


Type I progenitors

*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*




Polio live v killed vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -Killed = Salk = IgG




Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA


- can be shed in feces




Neonatal Respiratory Distress:

Etiology + Tx - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -Maternal DM (*high insulin*)


or C-section (*low cortisol*)


TX: *dexamethasone* before birth

,Lung maturity determined with - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -Amniocentesis of

Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)


L >> S




Type I pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -Squamous gas diffusion




Elastase in lungs - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -macrophage: *lysosomes*


PMN: *azuronphilic granules*




Elastin stretches and recoils due to - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -Lysine interchain

crosslinks




air pressure and


intrapleural pressure at FRC - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -Air pressure = 0


Intrapleural pressure = -5

,Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -Exhale of Tidal

Volume




Lung Compliance is decreased by - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -LHF, pulmonary edema,


pulmonary fibrosis




Lung Compliance is increased by - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -emphysema, age




Obesity affects ERV and FRC - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -DECREASE


ERV & FRC




Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -pulmonary =

systemic




Anatomic pulmonary shunting - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -Bronchial circulation

causes

, *decreased PO2 in LA/LV*


than in pulmonary capillaries




More ventilation is at the - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -BASE




O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG


low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)




O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -low pH, high 2,3BPG,

high T

HOT, ACIDIC




CO2 transport to lungs - CORRECT ANSWER (S) -*carbonic anhydrase*


Cl shift


*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung


(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)