.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind zk zk zk zk zk zk
LEARNING OBJECTIVES zk
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how itworks.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ment of “computer intelligence.”
zk zk zk
MULTIPLE CHOICE zk
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. anger management
zk c. memory
b. decision making zk d. Attention
ANS: z k A DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ:
zk zk zk zk zk 1.1 MSC: Understanding zk
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. reading a newspaper zk zk c. talking on the phone zk zk zk
b. studying for a test zk zk zk d. breathing
ANS: D z k DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
zk zk zk zk
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of the
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
zk following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease zk
b. language acquisition zk d. problem-solving strategies zk
,.
ANS: z k C DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ:1.1
zk zk zk zk zk MSC: Applying zk
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most people, after h zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
earing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference about
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an event
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk z
or conversation.
k zk
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in an
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk z
event.
k
d. the individual sentences are short.
zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k A DIF: Easy REF:
The Broad Role for Memory OBJ:
zk zk zk zk zk 1.1 MSC: Understanding zk
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia and Memory Loss OBJ: zk zk zk zk 1.2 MSC: Applying zk
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists. zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on someone’s
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk z
ability to remember.
k zk zk
c. Memory is not very important. zk zk zk zk
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on the
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
specific sites that are damaged.
zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: B z k DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
zk zk zk zk
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. memory dysfunction. zk c. inarticulate speech. zk
b. an inability to recognize patterns.
zk zk zk zk d. impaired language comprehension. zk zk
ANS: z k A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia and Memory Loss OBJ: zk zk zk zk 1.2 MSC: Remembering zk
8. The term “introspection” refers to the
zk zk zk zk zk
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
, .
c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k C DIF: Easy REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Remembering zk
9. A participant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This method
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
is called
zk
a. logical inference. zk c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: z k C DIF: Easy REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Remembering zk
10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion.
zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. mental events that are unconscious.
zk zk zk zk
c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge.
zk zk zk zk
d. events that take a long time to unfold.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k B DIF: Moderate REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Understanding zk
11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. It is subjective.
zk zk
c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing.
zk zk zk zk zk
d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k C DIF: Moderate REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Understanding zk
12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she examines
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk z
k and reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. practical rehearsal zk c. learning history analysis zk zk
b. introspection d. goal retrieval zk
ANS: z k B DIF: Moderate REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Applying zk
13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind zk zk zk zk zk zk
LEARNING OBJECTIVES zk
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how itworks.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ment of “computer intelligence.”
zk zk zk
MULTIPLE CHOICE zk
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. anger management
zk c. memory
b. decision making zk d. Attention
ANS: z k A DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ:
zk zk zk zk zk 1.1 MSC: Understanding zk
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. reading a newspaper zk zk c. talking on the phone zk zk zk
b. studying for a test zk zk zk d. breathing
ANS: D z k DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
zk zk zk zk
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of the
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
zk following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease zk
b. language acquisition zk d. problem-solving strategies zk
,.
ANS: z k C DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ:1.1
zk zk zk zk zk MSC: Applying zk
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most people, after h zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
earing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference about
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an event
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk z
or conversation.
k zk
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in an
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk z
event.
k
d. the individual sentences are short.
zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k A DIF: Easy REF:
The Broad Role for Memory OBJ:
zk zk zk zk zk 1.1 MSC: Understanding zk
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia and Memory Loss OBJ: zk zk zk zk 1.2 MSC: Applying zk
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists. zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on someone’s
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk z
ability to remember.
k zk zk
c. Memory is not very important. zk zk zk zk
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on the
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
specific sites that are damaged.
zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: B z k DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
zk zk zk zk
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. memory dysfunction. zk c. inarticulate speech. zk
b. an inability to recognize patterns.
zk zk zk zk d. impaired language comprehension. zk zk
ANS: z k A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia and Memory Loss OBJ: zk zk zk zk 1.2 MSC: Remembering zk
8. The term “introspection” refers to the
zk zk zk zk zk
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
, .
c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k C DIF: Easy REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Remembering zk
9. A participant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This method
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
is called
zk
a. logical inference. zk c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: z k C DIF: Easy REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Remembering zk
10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion.
zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. mental events that are unconscious.
zk zk zk zk
c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge.
zk zk zk zk
d. events that take a long time to unfold.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k B DIF: Moderate REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Understanding zk
11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. It is subjective.
zk zk
c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing.
zk zk zk zk zk
d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: z k C DIF: Moderate REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Understanding zk
12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she examines
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk z
k and reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. practical rehearsal zk c. learning history analysis zk zk
b. introspection d. goal retrieval zk
ANS: z k B DIF: Moderate REF:
The Limits of Introspection OBJ:
zk zk zk zk 1.3 MSC: Applying zk
13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
