Renal System Nursing Study Guide – Terms, Disorders, Treatments ( 2026 Latest Update) 1 2026-03-09
Renal System Nursing Study
Guide – Terms, Disorders,
Treatments ( 2026 Latest
Update)
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Page 1 of 44 Renal System Nursing Study Guide – Terms, Disorders, Treatments ( 2026 Latest Update).pdf
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Key Terms in Renal Nursing
Definitions of Key Terms
Anuria: Absence of urine formation, indicating
severe renal impairment or failure.
Bacteriuria: Presence of bacteria in urine, often a
sign of urinary tract infection (UTI).
Dysuria: Painful urination, commonly associated
with infections or inflammation of the urinary tract.
Enuresis: Involuntary discharge of urine, often
referred to as bedwetting in children.
Glycosuria: Presence of glucose in urine, typically
indicative of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Hematuria: Blood in urine, which can signal
various conditions from infections to malignancies.
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Additional Renal Terms
Incontinence: Loss of control over urination or
defecation, which can significantly impact quality of
life.
Ketonuria: Presence of ketone bodies in urine,
often seen in diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation.
Nephrotic Syndrome: A condition characterized
by increased glomerular permeability leading to
significant protein and fluid loss.
Oliguria: Urine output less than 30 ml/hr or less
than 400 ml/day, indicating potential renal failure.
Polyuria: Excessive urine output, which can be a
symptom of diabetes or other endocrine disorders.
Pyuria: Presence of pus in urine, typically
indicating infection.
Anatomy and Function of the Urinary
System
Kidney Structure and Function
Cortex: The outer layer of the kidney containing
glomeruli and tubules, responsible for filtration and
reabsorption.
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Medulla: The middle layer characterized by renal
pyramids, involved in urine concentration.
Renal Pelvis: The inner layer that collects urine
from the calyces before it moves to the ureters.
Nephron: The functional unit of the kidney,
consisting of the glomerulus for filtration and
tubules for reabsorption and secretion.
Filtration Process: Occurs at the glomerulus,
where blood is filtered to form urine, with a normal
rate of 125 cc/min.
Urinary System Components
Ureters: Tubes that convey urine from the kidneys
to the bladder, utilizing smooth muscle contractions
(peristalsis).
Bladder: A muscular sac that stores urine until it is
excreted.
Urethra: The duct through which urine is expelled
from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Page 4 of 44 Renal System Nursing4 Considerations_
of 44 Terms, Structures, Disorders, and Treatments Study Guide.pdf
Renal System Nursing Study
Guide – Terms, Disorders,
Treatments ( 2026 Latest
Update)
Guidehttps://www.stuvia.com/dashboard!@_)#*)(@$)($@*($@)($@*_1 of 44
Page 1 of 44 Renal System Nursing Study Guide – Terms, Disorders, Treatments ( 2026 Latest Update).pdf
,Renal System Nursing Considerations_ Terms, Structures, Disorders, and Treatments
2 Study Guide 2026-03-09
Key Terms in Renal Nursing
Definitions of Key Terms
Anuria: Absence of urine formation, indicating
severe renal impairment or failure.
Bacteriuria: Presence of bacteria in urine, often a
sign of urinary tract infection (UTI).
Dysuria: Painful urination, commonly associated
with infections or inflammation of the urinary tract.
Enuresis: Involuntary discharge of urine, often
referred to as bedwetting in children.
Glycosuria: Presence of glucose in urine, typically
indicative of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Hematuria: Blood in urine, which can signal
various conditions from infections to malignancies.
Page 2 of 44 Renal System Nursing2 Considerations_
of 44 Terms, Structures, Disorders, and Treatments Study Guide.pdf
,Renal System Nursing Considerations_ Terms, Structures, Disorders, and Treatments
3 Study Guide 2026-03-09
Additional Renal Terms
Incontinence: Loss of control over urination or
defecation, which can significantly impact quality of
life.
Ketonuria: Presence of ketone bodies in urine,
often seen in diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation.
Nephrotic Syndrome: A condition characterized
by increased glomerular permeability leading to
significant protein and fluid loss.
Oliguria: Urine output less than 30 ml/hr or less
than 400 ml/day, indicating potential renal failure.
Polyuria: Excessive urine output, which can be a
symptom of diabetes or other endocrine disorders.
Pyuria: Presence of pus in urine, typically
indicating infection.
Anatomy and Function of the Urinary
System
Kidney Structure and Function
Cortex: The outer layer of the kidney containing
glomeruli and tubules, responsible for filtration and
reabsorption.
Page 3 of 44 Renal System Nursing3 Considerations_
of 44 Terms, Structures, Disorders, and Treatments Study Guide.pdf
, Renal System Nursing Considerations_ Terms, Structures, Disorders, and Treatments
4 Study Guide 2026-03-09
Medulla: The middle layer characterized by renal
pyramids, involved in urine concentration.
Renal Pelvis: The inner layer that collects urine
from the calyces before it moves to the ureters.
Nephron: The functional unit of the kidney,
consisting of the glomerulus for filtration and
tubules for reabsorption and secretion.
Filtration Process: Occurs at the glomerulus,
where blood is filtered to form urine, with a normal
rate of 125 cc/min.
Urinary System Components
Ureters: Tubes that convey urine from the kidneys
to the bladder, utilizing smooth muscle contractions
(peristalsis).
Bladder: A muscular sac that stores urine until it is
excreted.
Urethra: The duct through which urine is expelled
from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Page 4 of 44 Renal System Nursing4 Considerations_
of 44 Terms, Structures, Disorders, and Treatments Study Guide.pdf
