Joint Firepower Course – Midterm Exam | Military Operations |
Academic Year 2025-2026 – Exam Review and Study Material
Order of precedence between multinational, joint, multi-service, and service doctrine. -
ANS✔✔ 1. Multinational Doctrine
2. Joint Doctrine
3. Multiservice Doctrine
4. service Doctrine
Multinational Doctrine - ANS✔✔ Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces
of TWO OR MORE NATIONS toward a common objective. RATIFIED BY THE NATIONS
Joint Doctrine - ANS✔✔ Fundamental principles that guide the employment of US MILITARY
forces in coordinated action toward a common objective, promulgated by the Chairman, Joint
Chiefs of Staff
Multiservice Doctrine - ANS✔✔ Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of
TWO OR MORE SERVICES in coordinated action towards a common objective. SIGNATORY
SERVICES ARE THE PROPONENTS
Service Doctrine - ANS✔✔ Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of a
SINGLE SERVICE. Prepared under direction of the Service Cheifs of Stff
Unified Action - ANS✔✔ The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities
of governmental and non-governmental entities with military operation to ACHEIVE UNITY OF
EFFORT.
Unity of Command - ANS✔✔ All forces operate under a single commander with the requisite
authority to direct all forces employed in pursuit of a common purpose
,Unity of Effort - ANS✔✔ coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the
participants are not of the same command or organization (product of unified action)
Types of Command Relationships - ANS✔✔ 1. COCOM (Combatant Command)
2. OPCON (Operational Control)
3. TACON (Tactical Control)
4. Support
COCOM (Combatant Command) - ANS✔✔ Authority over assigned forces, vested in only in the
commanders of combatant commands and CANNOT BE DELEGATED OR TRANSFERRED.
OPCON (Operational Control) - ANS✔✔ Authority to perform those functions of command over
subordinate forces involving ORGANIZING AND EMPLOYING COMMANDS AND FORCES,
assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to
accomplish the mission.
TACON (Tactical Control) - ANS✔✔ Authority over forces that is LIMITED TO THE DETAILED
DIRECTION AND CONTROL OF MOVEMENTS AND MANEUVERS within the operational area.
DOES NOT provide the authority to add to or change the function of the subordinate
commander
Support (CMD Relationship) - ANS✔✔ A SUPPORT RELATIONSHIP IS ESTABLISHED BY A
COMMON SUPERIOR COMMANDER between subordinate commanders when one organization
should AID, PROTECT, COMPLEMENT, OR SUSTAIN ANOTHER FORCE.
-Supported: what, where, when
-Supporting: who and how
Two Distinct Chain of Command Branches - ANS✔✔ Operational and Administrative
,Operational Chain of Command - ANS✔✔ Authority, direction, and control of operational forces
through Combatant Commanders (CCDR) utilizing the following chain of command
1. President of the United States
2. Secretary of Defense
---------Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in an advisory role
3. Combatant Commanders
4. Service Component Commands
Administrative Chain of Command - ANS✔✔ Authority and control of forces through Service
Secretaries utilizing the following chain of command
1. President of the United States
2. Secretary of Defense
---------Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in an advisory role
3. Secretaries of Military Departments
4. Service Chiefs
5. (ADCON) Commander of Military Service Forces
Identify The Four Positions that may Create a Joint Task Force - ANS✔✔ 1) Secretary of Defense
2) Geographic Combatant Commander
3) Subunified Commander
4) Existing Joint Task Force Commander
Seven Tenets of Air and Space Power - ANS✔✔ 1. Centralized Control/Decentralized Execution
2. Flexibility & Versatility
3. Synergistic Effects
4. Persistence
, 5. Concentration
6. Priority
7. Balance
Counterair - ANS✔✔ integrates OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE operations to attain and maintain a
desired degree of AIR SUPERIORITY by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles,
both before and after launch
Strategic Attack - ANS✔✔ Offensive action specifically selected to achieve NATIONAL STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES
Counterland - ANS✔✔ Airpower operations against ENEMY LAND FORCE CAPABILITIES
Air Interdiction - ANS✔✔ Air operations conducted to DIVERT, DISRUPT, DELAY, DESTROY the
enemy's military surface capabilities BEFORE it can be brought to bear effectively against
friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from
friendly forces that DETAILED INTEGRATION IS NOT REQUIRED.
Close Air Support - ANS✔✔ Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets
which are in CLOSE PROXIMITY to friendly forces and which REQUIRE DETAILED INTEGRATION of
each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces.
Close Proximity - ANS✔✔ NOT A SPECIFIC DISTANCE. Situational and REQUIRES DETAILED
INTEGRATION and TERMINAL ATTACK CONTROL.
Detailed Integration - ANS✔✔ LEVEL OF COORDINATION required to achieve effects while
minimizing the risk of fratricide
Air Force Level of Organization - ANS✔✔ 1. HQ
Academic Year 2025-2026 – Exam Review and Study Material
Order of precedence between multinational, joint, multi-service, and service doctrine. -
ANS✔✔ 1. Multinational Doctrine
2. Joint Doctrine
3. Multiservice Doctrine
4. service Doctrine
Multinational Doctrine - ANS✔✔ Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces
of TWO OR MORE NATIONS toward a common objective. RATIFIED BY THE NATIONS
Joint Doctrine - ANS✔✔ Fundamental principles that guide the employment of US MILITARY
forces in coordinated action toward a common objective, promulgated by the Chairman, Joint
Chiefs of Staff
Multiservice Doctrine - ANS✔✔ Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of
TWO OR MORE SERVICES in coordinated action towards a common objective. SIGNATORY
SERVICES ARE THE PROPONENTS
Service Doctrine - ANS✔✔ Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of a
SINGLE SERVICE. Prepared under direction of the Service Cheifs of Stff
Unified Action - ANS✔✔ The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities
of governmental and non-governmental entities with military operation to ACHEIVE UNITY OF
EFFORT.
Unity of Command - ANS✔✔ All forces operate under a single commander with the requisite
authority to direct all forces employed in pursuit of a common purpose
,Unity of Effort - ANS✔✔ coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the
participants are not of the same command or organization (product of unified action)
Types of Command Relationships - ANS✔✔ 1. COCOM (Combatant Command)
2. OPCON (Operational Control)
3. TACON (Tactical Control)
4. Support
COCOM (Combatant Command) - ANS✔✔ Authority over assigned forces, vested in only in the
commanders of combatant commands and CANNOT BE DELEGATED OR TRANSFERRED.
OPCON (Operational Control) - ANS✔✔ Authority to perform those functions of command over
subordinate forces involving ORGANIZING AND EMPLOYING COMMANDS AND FORCES,
assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to
accomplish the mission.
TACON (Tactical Control) - ANS✔✔ Authority over forces that is LIMITED TO THE DETAILED
DIRECTION AND CONTROL OF MOVEMENTS AND MANEUVERS within the operational area.
DOES NOT provide the authority to add to or change the function of the subordinate
commander
Support (CMD Relationship) - ANS✔✔ A SUPPORT RELATIONSHIP IS ESTABLISHED BY A
COMMON SUPERIOR COMMANDER between subordinate commanders when one organization
should AID, PROTECT, COMPLEMENT, OR SUSTAIN ANOTHER FORCE.
-Supported: what, where, when
-Supporting: who and how
Two Distinct Chain of Command Branches - ANS✔✔ Operational and Administrative
,Operational Chain of Command - ANS✔✔ Authority, direction, and control of operational forces
through Combatant Commanders (CCDR) utilizing the following chain of command
1. President of the United States
2. Secretary of Defense
---------Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in an advisory role
3. Combatant Commanders
4. Service Component Commands
Administrative Chain of Command - ANS✔✔ Authority and control of forces through Service
Secretaries utilizing the following chain of command
1. President of the United States
2. Secretary of Defense
---------Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in an advisory role
3. Secretaries of Military Departments
4. Service Chiefs
5. (ADCON) Commander of Military Service Forces
Identify The Four Positions that may Create a Joint Task Force - ANS✔✔ 1) Secretary of Defense
2) Geographic Combatant Commander
3) Subunified Commander
4) Existing Joint Task Force Commander
Seven Tenets of Air and Space Power - ANS✔✔ 1. Centralized Control/Decentralized Execution
2. Flexibility & Versatility
3. Synergistic Effects
4. Persistence
, 5. Concentration
6. Priority
7. Balance
Counterair - ANS✔✔ integrates OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE operations to attain and maintain a
desired degree of AIR SUPERIORITY by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles,
both before and after launch
Strategic Attack - ANS✔✔ Offensive action specifically selected to achieve NATIONAL STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES
Counterland - ANS✔✔ Airpower operations against ENEMY LAND FORCE CAPABILITIES
Air Interdiction - ANS✔✔ Air operations conducted to DIVERT, DISRUPT, DELAY, DESTROY the
enemy's military surface capabilities BEFORE it can be brought to bear effectively against
friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from
friendly forces that DETAILED INTEGRATION IS NOT REQUIRED.
Close Air Support - ANS✔✔ Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets
which are in CLOSE PROXIMITY to friendly forces and which REQUIRE DETAILED INTEGRATION of
each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces.
Close Proximity - ANS✔✔ NOT A SPECIFIC DISTANCE. Situational and REQUIRES DETAILED
INTEGRATION and TERMINAL ATTACK CONTROL.
Detailed Integration - ANS✔✔ LEVEL OF COORDINATION required to achieve effects while
minimizing the risk of fratricide
Air Force Level of Organization - ANS✔✔ 1. HQ
