NU 641 Advanced Clinical Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions and
Answers and Explanations | Latest - Regis
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?
A. Inhibiting the release of renin from the kidneys
B. Directly blocking Angiotensin II receptors
C. Blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
D. Antagonizing aldosterone receptors in the distal tubule
Answer: C
Explanation: ACE inhibitors block the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which prevents the
conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
2. A patient taking an ACE inhibitor develops a dry, hacking cough. This is most
likely caused by the accumulation of which substance?
A. Bradykinin
B. Angiotensin I
C. Renin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: A
Explanation: ACE is also responsible for breaking down bradykinin; when ACE is inhibited,
bradykinin levels rise, leading to a dry cough in some patients.
,3. Which of the following beta-blockers is considered cardioselective, primarily
targeting Beta-1 receptors?
A. Propranolol
B. Timolol
C. Nadolol
D. Metoprolol
Answer: D
Explanation: Metoprolol and Atenolol are cardioselective beta-blockers that primarily
target Beta-1 receptors in the heart, whereas propranolol is non-selective.
4. When teaching a patient about sublingual Nitroglycerin for angina, the nurse
practitioner should emphasize that the medication should be:
A. Swallowed with a full glass of water
B. Taken every 15 minutes for up to 5 doses
C. Discarded if it produces a tingling sensation under the tongue
D. Stored in its original dark glass bottle to prevent degradation
Answer: D
Explanation: Nitroglycerin is sensitive to light and moisture and must be kept in its
original dark glass container; a tingling sensation often indicates the medication is potent.
,5. A patient on Warfarin therapy has an INR of 1.2. What is the most
appropriate clinical action?
A. Decrease the dose of Warfarin
B. Maintain the current dose
C. Increase the dose of Warfarin
D. Administer Vitamin K immediately
Answer: C
Explanation: The therapeutic INR range for most conditions (like atrial fibrillation) is 2.0
to 3.0. An INR of 1.2 is subtherapeutic, requiring a dose increase.
6. Which medication is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypothyroidism?
A. Propylthiouracil
B. Methimazole
C. Levothyroxine
D. Liothyronine
Answer: C
Explanation: Levothyroxine (synthetic T4) is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism
due to its long half-life and stability.
, 7. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with which of the following
conditions?
A. Hypertension
B. Hyperlipidemia
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Severe Renal Impairment (GFR < 30)
Answer: D
Explanation: Metformin is primarily excreted by the kidneys; severe renal impairment
increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
8. Which of the following classes of drugs is known to increase the risk of
tendon rupture, especially the Achilles tendon?
A. Penicillins
B. Macrolides
C. Fluoroquinolones
D. Tetracyclines
Answer: C
Explanation: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, carry a black box
warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture.
Answers and Explanations | Latest - Regis
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?
A. Inhibiting the release of renin from the kidneys
B. Directly blocking Angiotensin II receptors
C. Blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
D. Antagonizing aldosterone receptors in the distal tubule
Answer: C
Explanation: ACE inhibitors block the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which prevents the
conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
2. A patient taking an ACE inhibitor develops a dry, hacking cough. This is most
likely caused by the accumulation of which substance?
A. Bradykinin
B. Angiotensin I
C. Renin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: A
Explanation: ACE is also responsible for breaking down bradykinin; when ACE is inhibited,
bradykinin levels rise, leading to a dry cough in some patients.
,3. Which of the following beta-blockers is considered cardioselective, primarily
targeting Beta-1 receptors?
A. Propranolol
B. Timolol
C. Nadolol
D. Metoprolol
Answer: D
Explanation: Metoprolol and Atenolol are cardioselective beta-blockers that primarily
target Beta-1 receptors in the heart, whereas propranolol is non-selective.
4. When teaching a patient about sublingual Nitroglycerin for angina, the nurse
practitioner should emphasize that the medication should be:
A. Swallowed with a full glass of water
B. Taken every 15 minutes for up to 5 doses
C. Discarded if it produces a tingling sensation under the tongue
D. Stored in its original dark glass bottle to prevent degradation
Answer: D
Explanation: Nitroglycerin is sensitive to light and moisture and must be kept in its
original dark glass container; a tingling sensation often indicates the medication is potent.
,5. A patient on Warfarin therapy has an INR of 1.2. What is the most
appropriate clinical action?
A. Decrease the dose of Warfarin
B. Maintain the current dose
C. Increase the dose of Warfarin
D. Administer Vitamin K immediately
Answer: C
Explanation: The therapeutic INR range for most conditions (like atrial fibrillation) is 2.0
to 3.0. An INR of 1.2 is subtherapeutic, requiring a dose increase.
6. Which medication is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypothyroidism?
A. Propylthiouracil
B. Methimazole
C. Levothyroxine
D. Liothyronine
Answer: C
Explanation: Levothyroxine (synthetic T4) is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism
due to its long half-life and stability.
, 7. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with which of the following
conditions?
A. Hypertension
B. Hyperlipidemia
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Severe Renal Impairment (GFR < 30)
Answer: D
Explanation: Metformin is primarily excreted by the kidneys; severe renal impairment
increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
8. Which of the following classes of drugs is known to increase the risk of
tendon rupture, especially the Achilles tendon?
A. Penicillins
B. Macrolides
C. Fluoroquinolones
D. Tetracyclines
Answer: C
Explanation: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, carry a black box
warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture.
