Answer Key
for
Physical Geography
Laboratory Manual
Thirteenth Edition
by Darrel Hess
to accompany
McKnight’s Physical Geography:
A Landscape Appreciation
Thirteenth Edition
by Darrel Hess & Redina Finch
Illustrated by Dennis Tasa
,ANSWER KEY CONTENTS
Introduction to Answer Key iv
Exercise 1 Metric Conversions 3
Exercise 2 Location 7
Exercise 3 Time 13
Exercise 4 Map Scale 17
Exercise 5 Map Projections 23
Exercise 6 Isolines 27
Exercise 7 L andscape Analysis with Google EarthTM
& The National Map 35
Exercise 8 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing 41
Exercise 9 Earth–Sun Relations 49
Exercise 10 Solar Angle 55
Exercise 11 Insolation 61
Exercise 12 Temperature Patterns 67
Exercise 13 Air Pressure 75
Exercise 14 Wind 81
Exercise 15 Humidity 89
Exercise 16 Adiabatic Processes 95
Exercise 17 Stability 101
Exercise 18 Midlatitude Cyclones 109
Exercise 19 Weather Maps 117
Exercise 20 Weather Satellite Images 127
Exercise 21 Doppler Weather Radar 135
Exercise 22 Hurricanes 141
Exercise 23 Climate Classification 153
Exercise 24 Weather Variability and Climate Change 171
Exercise 25 Groundwater 179
Exercise 26 Biomes and Ecological Land Units 185
ii
, Answer Key Contents
Exercise 27 Soils 193
Exercise 28 Contour Lines 201
Exercise 29 U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Maps 205
Exercise 30 Topographic Profiles 209
Exercise 31 U.S. Public Land Survey System 215
Exercise 32 Remote Imagery and Stereograms 221
Exercise 33 Plate Tectonics 229
Exercise 34 Volcanoes 237
Exercise 35 Volcanic Calderas 245
Exercise 36 Faulting 251
Exercise 37 The San Andreas Fault 257
Exercise 38 Mass Wasting 265
Exercise 39 Drainage Basins 273
Exercise 40 Floodplains 281
Exercise 41 Stream Drainage Patterns 287
Exercise 42 Stream Rejuvenation 293
Exercise 43 Flood Recurrence Intervals 299
Exercise 44 Karst Topography 305
Exercise 45 Desert Landforms 311
Exercise 46 Sand Dunes 321
Exercise 47 Continental Glaciation 327
Exercise 48 Alpine Glaciation 337
Exercise 49 Coastal Landforms 349
Appendix II Math Skills Practice Worksheet 365
iii
, Physical Geography Laboratory Manual
INTRODUCTION TO ANSWER KEY
To the Teacher
This Answer Key includes all of the exercise problem sets found in the Physical Geography Laboratory
Manual 13th edition by Darrel Hess, that accompanies the textbook McKnight’s Physical Geography:
A Landscape Appreciation, 13th edition, by Darrel Hess and Redina Finch. However, only the prob-
lem set pages themselves are included in this Answer Key—the page numbers match those in the
Lab Manual, so there are gaps in the page number sequence. The answers provided are those that
I have written in my copy of the Lab Manual. These answers are offered as a guide only—in
some cases other answers may also be correct.
New To The 13th Edition Lab Manual: This new edition of the Lab Manual retains all of the ex-
ercises found in the previous edition, with many going through revisions and updates. Exercise 8
on Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing has undergone a major revision by Ryan
Jensen. Full color art is now found throughout the Lab Manual.
Hess Labs Media Website: Access to Internet resources such as the Hess Labs
websites, additional maps, satellite images and movie loops, photo- Media Website
media.pearsoncmg.com/
graphs, and Google EarthTM “videos” and KMZ files needed to complete ph/esm/esm_mcknight
_physgeo_13_lab/media
Internet-based problems has been simplified for students. Students can
quickly access these materials by going to the Hess Labs Media Website.
The URLs of the recommended websites are provided for each Internet exercise, but because
the Internet changes over time, the URLs in the Lab Manual may become out of date or better sites
might become available in the future. We will update URLs as needed in the Hess Labs Media
Website, but feel free to recommend different, or additional, Internet sites to your students.
Suggestions for Teaching Lab Sessions
Most instructors try to keep the amount of lecture in a laboratory session to a minimum, leaving
as much time as possible for working through the problems. If your students read the background
information for each exercise before attending a lab session, often a quick review and overview of
the exercise problems is all that is needed—this is especially true for exercises based on material
that has been covered in detail in the lecture course. In a few cases, however, a more detailed
introduction is required—I find this true with topics such as weather maps, satellite images,
topographic maps, and remote imagery and stereograms.
I encourage students to work together in pairs or small groups during lab sessions. I find that
students enjoy this kind of collaborative learning. However, this approach does require careful
monitoring on your part—occasionally one assertive student will lead a group astray or will simply
do all of the work. You should clarify your policies on collaborative work early on.
iv
for
Physical Geography
Laboratory Manual
Thirteenth Edition
by Darrel Hess
to accompany
McKnight’s Physical Geography:
A Landscape Appreciation
Thirteenth Edition
by Darrel Hess & Redina Finch
Illustrated by Dennis Tasa
,ANSWER KEY CONTENTS
Introduction to Answer Key iv
Exercise 1 Metric Conversions 3
Exercise 2 Location 7
Exercise 3 Time 13
Exercise 4 Map Scale 17
Exercise 5 Map Projections 23
Exercise 6 Isolines 27
Exercise 7 L andscape Analysis with Google EarthTM
& The National Map 35
Exercise 8 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing 41
Exercise 9 Earth–Sun Relations 49
Exercise 10 Solar Angle 55
Exercise 11 Insolation 61
Exercise 12 Temperature Patterns 67
Exercise 13 Air Pressure 75
Exercise 14 Wind 81
Exercise 15 Humidity 89
Exercise 16 Adiabatic Processes 95
Exercise 17 Stability 101
Exercise 18 Midlatitude Cyclones 109
Exercise 19 Weather Maps 117
Exercise 20 Weather Satellite Images 127
Exercise 21 Doppler Weather Radar 135
Exercise 22 Hurricanes 141
Exercise 23 Climate Classification 153
Exercise 24 Weather Variability and Climate Change 171
Exercise 25 Groundwater 179
Exercise 26 Biomes and Ecological Land Units 185
ii
, Answer Key Contents
Exercise 27 Soils 193
Exercise 28 Contour Lines 201
Exercise 29 U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Maps 205
Exercise 30 Topographic Profiles 209
Exercise 31 U.S. Public Land Survey System 215
Exercise 32 Remote Imagery and Stereograms 221
Exercise 33 Plate Tectonics 229
Exercise 34 Volcanoes 237
Exercise 35 Volcanic Calderas 245
Exercise 36 Faulting 251
Exercise 37 The San Andreas Fault 257
Exercise 38 Mass Wasting 265
Exercise 39 Drainage Basins 273
Exercise 40 Floodplains 281
Exercise 41 Stream Drainage Patterns 287
Exercise 42 Stream Rejuvenation 293
Exercise 43 Flood Recurrence Intervals 299
Exercise 44 Karst Topography 305
Exercise 45 Desert Landforms 311
Exercise 46 Sand Dunes 321
Exercise 47 Continental Glaciation 327
Exercise 48 Alpine Glaciation 337
Exercise 49 Coastal Landforms 349
Appendix II Math Skills Practice Worksheet 365
iii
, Physical Geography Laboratory Manual
INTRODUCTION TO ANSWER KEY
To the Teacher
This Answer Key includes all of the exercise problem sets found in the Physical Geography Laboratory
Manual 13th edition by Darrel Hess, that accompanies the textbook McKnight’s Physical Geography:
A Landscape Appreciation, 13th edition, by Darrel Hess and Redina Finch. However, only the prob-
lem set pages themselves are included in this Answer Key—the page numbers match those in the
Lab Manual, so there are gaps in the page number sequence. The answers provided are those that
I have written in my copy of the Lab Manual. These answers are offered as a guide only—in
some cases other answers may also be correct.
New To The 13th Edition Lab Manual: This new edition of the Lab Manual retains all of the ex-
ercises found in the previous edition, with many going through revisions and updates. Exercise 8
on Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing has undergone a major revision by Ryan
Jensen. Full color art is now found throughout the Lab Manual.
Hess Labs Media Website: Access to Internet resources such as the Hess Labs
websites, additional maps, satellite images and movie loops, photo- Media Website
media.pearsoncmg.com/
graphs, and Google EarthTM “videos” and KMZ files needed to complete ph/esm/esm_mcknight
_physgeo_13_lab/media
Internet-based problems has been simplified for students. Students can
quickly access these materials by going to the Hess Labs Media Website.
The URLs of the recommended websites are provided for each Internet exercise, but because
the Internet changes over time, the URLs in the Lab Manual may become out of date or better sites
might become available in the future. We will update URLs as needed in the Hess Labs Media
Website, but feel free to recommend different, or additional, Internet sites to your students.
Suggestions for Teaching Lab Sessions
Most instructors try to keep the amount of lecture in a laboratory session to a minimum, leaving
as much time as possible for working through the problems. If your students read the background
information for each exercise before attending a lab session, often a quick review and overview of
the exercise problems is all that is needed—this is especially true for exercises based on material
that has been covered in detail in the lecture course. In a few cases, however, a more detailed
introduction is required—I find this true with topics such as weather maps, satellite images,
topographic maps, and remote imagery and stereograms.
I encourage students to work together in pairs or small groups during lab sessions. I find that
students enjoy this kind of collaborative learning. However, this approach does require careful
monitoring on your part—occasionally one assertive student will lead a group astray or will simply
do all of the work. You should clarify your policies on collaborative work early on.
iv
