NSG 5140 Final Exam Review Adv
Pathophysiology South College NSG
5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
2026 Questions and Answers | 100%
Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
1. Which type of cellular adaptation involves an increase in the size
of existing cells?
a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Atrophy
d. Metaplasia
b. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to the increase in cell size, often in
response to increased workload. Hyperplasia refers to an increase in
,cell number, atrophy is a decrease in cell size or number, and
metaplasia is the replacement of one cell type by another.
2. A patient with chronic hypertension is found to have left
ventricular enlargement. This is an example of:
a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Dysplasia
d. Metaplasia
b. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Chronic increased workload on the heart causes myocardial
cells to enlarge, resulting in hypertrophy, particularly in the left
ventricle.
3. Which process is characterized by a reversible change where one
adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type?
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell
type with another, often as an adaptive response to chronic irritation.
, 4. The accumulation of abnormal amounts of lipids in liver cells is
termed:
a. Steatosis
b. Hypertrophy
c. Dysplasia
d. Necrosis
a. Steatosis
Rationale: Steatosis is the pathological accumulation of fat within
cells, commonly seen in the liver due to alcoholism, obesity, or
metabolic disorders.
5. Which of the following is a hallmark of irreversible cell injury?
a. Cellular swelling
b. Fatty change
c. Karyolysis
d. Hyperplasia
c. Karyolysis
Rationale: Karyolysis, or nuclear dissolution, indicates irreversible cell
death. Cellular swelling and fatty change are typically reversible
changes.
6. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with
ischemia in the heart?
, a. Coagulative
b. Liquefactive
c. Caseous
d. Fat
a. Coagulative
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves the basic tissue architecture
and is most commonly associated with ischemic injury, particularly in
the heart and kidneys.
7. Liquefactive necrosis is characteristically seen in:
a. Myocardial infarction
b. Brain infarction
c. Tuberculosis
d. Adipose tissue injury
b. Brain infarction
Rationale: In the brain, ischemic injury causes enzymatic digestion of
tissue, producing a liquid, viscous mass, known as liquefactive
necrosis.
8. Caseous necrosis is most commonly associated with:
a. Myocardial infarction
b. Tuberculosis
Pathophysiology South College NSG
5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
2026 Questions and Answers | 100%
Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
1. Which type of cellular adaptation involves an increase in the size
of existing cells?
a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Atrophy
d. Metaplasia
b. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to the increase in cell size, often in
response to increased workload. Hyperplasia refers to an increase in
,cell number, atrophy is a decrease in cell size or number, and
metaplasia is the replacement of one cell type by another.
2. A patient with chronic hypertension is found to have left
ventricular enlargement. This is an example of:
a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Dysplasia
d. Metaplasia
b. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Chronic increased workload on the heart causes myocardial
cells to enlarge, resulting in hypertrophy, particularly in the left
ventricle.
3. Which process is characterized by a reversible change where one
adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type?
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell
type with another, often as an adaptive response to chronic irritation.
, 4. The accumulation of abnormal amounts of lipids in liver cells is
termed:
a. Steatosis
b. Hypertrophy
c. Dysplasia
d. Necrosis
a. Steatosis
Rationale: Steatosis is the pathological accumulation of fat within
cells, commonly seen in the liver due to alcoholism, obesity, or
metabolic disorders.
5. Which of the following is a hallmark of irreversible cell injury?
a. Cellular swelling
b. Fatty change
c. Karyolysis
d. Hyperplasia
c. Karyolysis
Rationale: Karyolysis, or nuclear dissolution, indicates irreversible cell
death. Cellular swelling and fatty change are typically reversible
changes.
6. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with
ischemia in the heart?
, a. Coagulative
b. Liquefactive
c. Caseous
d. Fat
a. Coagulative
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves the basic tissue architecture
and is most commonly associated with ischemic injury, particularly in
the heart and kidneys.
7. Liquefactive necrosis is characteristically seen in:
a. Myocardial infarction
b. Brain infarction
c. Tuberculosis
d. Adipose tissue injury
b. Brain infarction
Rationale: In the brain, ischemic injury causes enzymatic digestion of
tissue, producing a liquid, viscous mass, known as liquefactive
necrosis.
8. Caseous necrosis is most commonly associated with:
a. Myocardial infarction
b. Tuberculosis
