PARAMEDIC CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
● Adenosine. Answer: Trade Name: Adenocard
Classification: Antiarrhythmic
Action/Effects: Slows supraventricular tachycardia, decreasing the
electrical activity by interrupting the reentry pathways through the AV
node.
Indication: PSVT Rhythm (after vagal maneuvers)
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity 2nd & 3rd degree AV heart block,
Sick Sinus Syndrome, A-Fib
Side Effects: Syncope, Chest Pain, facial flushing, SOB, dizziness,
hypotension
Adult Dose: 6mg IV push with 20cc NS fluid bolus, a repeat dose of
12mg in 1-2 minutes up to 2X may be given if not converted.
,Pediatric Dose: 0.1mg/kg rapid IV push followed by 5cc bolus, repeat
0.2mg/kg x 1
Cautions: Half life is 5 seconds. Pediatric doses don't exceed adult doses
● Albuterol. Answer: Trade Name: Proventil, Ventolin
Classification: Bronchodilator, Sympathomimetic
Action/Effects: A beta2-adrenergic agonist which helps relax the
bronchial smooth muscles
Indication: Asthma, Relief of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive
airway disease.
Contraindications: These are relative to pt. symptoms: Cardiac
dysrhythmias, Tachyarrhythmia's, Angina, HTN, diabetes
Side Effects: Tremors, Dizziness, Anxiety, Palpitations, Tachycardia
Adult Dose: 2.5mg/3ml of NS
,Pediatric Dose: 2.5mg in 3cc NS > 1 year old, 1.5mg in 3cc NS < 1 year
old
Cautions: Be aware of prior doses/ can interact with diuretics, digoxin,
betablockers, & MAO inhibitors/ can have toxicity effects on vascular
system if used with tricyclic antidepressants
● Amiodarone. Answer: Trade Name: Cordarone
Classification: Antiarrhythmic
Action/Effects: Prolongs phase 3 of the cardiac action potential.
Amiodarone increases the refractory period of sodium and potassium
channels. This intern slows the cardiac action potential.
Indication: V-Fib/V-Tach Pulseless
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Lung problems, Liver Problems, Epididymis in long term
use
Adult Dose: 150-300 mg IV (Expected 300mg IV loading dose) Check
your protocols. (Expected 150mg 2nd dose if needed)
, Pediatric Dose: 5mg/kg IV/IO (Check your protocols for additional
doses)
● Amyl Nitrate. Answer: Trade Name: Vaporole
Classification: Vasodilator, Cyanide Antidote
Action/Effects: Causes oxidation of hemoglobin to the compound of
methemoglobin. Vasodilatation, including coronary artery dilation.
Smooth muscle relaxant
Indication: Cyanide poisoning
Contraindication: None when given for cyanide poisoning
Side Effects: Hypotension with syncope, Headache, Nausea & Vomiting
Adult Dose: 0.3ml or an Amyl Nitrate glass pearl (similar to ammonia)
Break ampule & inhale for 30 seconds, then 100% O2 for 50-100
seconds, monitor blood pressure
● Aspirin. Answer: Trade Name: ASA, Baby Aspirin, Bayer
FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
● Adenosine. Answer: Trade Name: Adenocard
Classification: Antiarrhythmic
Action/Effects: Slows supraventricular tachycardia, decreasing the
electrical activity by interrupting the reentry pathways through the AV
node.
Indication: PSVT Rhythm (after vagal maneuvers)
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity 2nd & 3rd degree AV heart block,
Sick Sinus Syndrome, A-Fib
Side Effects: Syncope, Chest Pain, facial flushing, SOB, dizziness,
hypotension
Adult Dose: 6mg IV push with 20cc NS fluid bolus, a repeat dose of
12mg in 1-2 minutes up to 2X may be given if not converted.
,Pediatric Dose: 0.1mg/kg rapid IV push followed by 5cc bolus, repeat
0.2mg/kg x 1
Cautions: Half life is 5 seconds. Pediatric doses don't exceed adult doses
● Albuterol. Answer: Trade Name: Proventil, Ventolin
Classification: Bronchodilator, Sympathomimetic
Action/Effects: A beta2-adrenergic agonist which helps relax the
bronchial smooth muscles
Indication: Asthma, Relief of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive
airway disease.
Contraindications: These are relative to pt. symptoms: Cardiac
dysrhythmias, Tachyarrhythmia's, Angina, HTN, diabetes
Side Effects: Tremors, Dizziness, Anxiety, Palpitations, Tachycardia
Adult Dose: 2.5mg/3ml of NS
,Pediatric Dose: 2.5mg in 3cc NS > 1 year old, 1.5mg in 3cc NS < 1 year
old
Cautions: Be aware of prior doses/ can interact with diuretics, digoxin,
betablockers, & MAO inhibitors/ can have toxicity effects on vascular
system if used with tricyclic antidepressants
● Amiodarone. Answer: Trade Name: Cordarone
Classification: Antiarrhythmic
Action/Effects: Prolongs phase 3 of the cardiac action potential.
Amiodarone increases the refractory period of sodium and potassium
channels. This intern slows the cardiac action potential.
Indication: V-Fib/V-Tach Pulseless
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Lung problems, Liver Problems, Epididymis in long term
use
Adult Dose: 150-300 mg IV (Expected 300mg IV loading dose) Check
your protocols. (Expected 150mg 2nd dose if needed)
, Pediatric Dose: 5mg/kg IV/IO (Check your protocols for additional
doses)
● Amyl Nitrate. Answer: Trade Name: Vaporole
Classification: Vasodilator, Cyanide Antidote
Action/Effects: Causes oxidation of hemoglobin to the compound of
methemoglobin. Vasodilatation, including coronary artery dilation.
Smooth muscle relaxant
Indication: Cyanide poisoning
Contraindication: None when given for cyanide poisoning
Side Effects: Hypotension with syncope, Headache, Nausea & Vomiting
Adult Dose: 0.3ml or an Amyl Nitrate glass pearl (similar to ammonia)
Break ampule & inhale for 30 seconds, then 100% O2 for 50-100
seconds, monitor blood pressure
● Aspirin. Answer: Trade Name: ASA, Baby Aspirin, Bayer
