Nur 265: F & E Everything you need to know and some TEST 1 ||
Already Graded A+.
Describe how the kidneys help maintain the acid-base balance correct answers Kidneys excrete
or retain more acids or bases as needed
Describe how the respiratory system regulates the acid-base balance correct answers Uses hypo-
or hyperventilation to regulate acid excretion or retention within minutes of pH change
List the three systems that work to create an acid-base balance correct answers 1. Chemical
buffers 2. Respiratory system 3. Kidneys
What is the range for a normal pH? correct answers 7.35 to 7.45
<acid
>alka
What factors affect electrolyte balance? correct answers - Fluid intake and output
- Acid-base balance
- Hormone secretion
- Normal cell functioning
What are the differences of acids and bases? correct answers Acids can give a Hydrogen and
bases can accept
Acids have a pH level of <7
Bases have a pH level of >7
What is the normal electrolyte range for Phosphorous? correct answers 3.0 to 4.5 mg/dL
,What is the normal electrolyte range for Magnesium? correct answers 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L
What is the normal electrolyte range for Chloride? correct answers 98 to 106 mEq/L
What is the normal electrolyte range for Sodium? correct answers 136 to 145 mEq/L
What is the normal electrolyte range for Potassium? correct answers 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
What is the normal electrolyte range for Calcium? correct answers 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Potassium do? correct answers Responsible for cell
excitability, nerve impulse conduction, resting membrane potential, muscle contraction,
myocardial membrane responsiveness, and intracellular osmolality.
K is also depolarization and generation of action potentials and regulating protein synthesis and
glucose use an storage Very important for cardiac contraction.
List the intracellular electrolytes correct answers Phosphate -
Potassium + major cation
Magnesium +
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Phosphate do? correct answers Responsible for energy
metabolism
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Magnesium do? correct answers Responsible for
enzyme reactions, neuromuscular contractions, normal functioning of nervous and
cardiovascular systems, protein synthesis, and Sodium and Potassium ion transportation.
List the positive (cations) electrolytes correct answers Calcium
,Magnesium
Potassium - major player
Sodium
Hydrogen
What does the extracellular electrolyte Calcium do? correct answers Stabilizes cell membranes
and reduces permeability, transmits nerve impulses, contracts muscles (cardiac and skeletal),
coagulates blood, and forms bones and teeth, activates enzymes
What does the extracellular electrolyte Chloride do? correct answers Maintains osmotic pressure
and helps gastric mucosal cells produce hydrochloric acid
What does the extracellular electrolyte Bicarbonate do? correct answers Plays a role in acid-base
balance
Name the extracellular electrolytes. correct answers Sodium + - most abundant extracellular
Chloride -
Calcium +
Bicarbonate -
What role does the thyroid gland play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Secretes calcitonin,
which prevents calcium release from the bone
What role does the parathyroid gland play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Secrete
parathyroid hormone, which draws calcium into the blood and helps move phosphorous to the
kidneys for excretion
What role does the GI tract play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Absorbs and excretes
fluids and electrolytes
, What role do sweat glands play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Excrete sodium,
potassium, chloride, and water through sweat
What role does the heart play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Secretes ANP causing
sodium excretion
How do the lungs and liver regulate blood pressure? correct answers By regulating sodium and
water balance
Name the major electrolytes in extracellular fluid correct answers Sodium + and Chloride -
Name the most plentiful intracellular electrolytes correct answers Potassium +
phosphate -
magnesium +
Aldosterone is produced as the result of what? correct answers Renin-angiotensin mechanism
acts to regulate fluid volume
How does (Antidiuretic Hormone) ADH work? correct answers - Hypothalamus senses low
blood volume and increases serum which signals the pituitary gland
- The pituitary gland secretes ADH into the bloodstream
- ADH causes the kidneys to retain water
- Water retention boosts blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
What's another name for vasopressin and what does it do? correct answers Antidiuretic hormone,
it regulates fluid balance
What is plasma colloid osmotic pressure? correct answers The pulling force of albumin
Already Graded A+.
Describe how the kidneys help maintain the acid-base balance correct answers Kidneys excrete
or retain more acids or bases as needed
Describe how the respiratory system regulates the acid-base balance correct answers Uses hypo-
or hyperventilation to regulate acid excretion or retention within minutes of pH change
List the three systems that work to create an acid-base balance correct answers 1. Chemical
buffers 2. Respiratory system 3. Kidneys
What is the range for a normal pH? correct answers 7.35 to 7.45
<acid
>alka
What factors affect electrolyte balance? correct answers - Fluid intake and output
- Acid-base balance
- Hormone secretion
- Normal cell functioning
What are the differences of acids and bases? correct answers Acids can give a Hydrogen and
bases can accept
Acids have a pH level of <7
Bases have a pH level of >7
What is the normal electrolyte range for Phosphorous? correct answers 3.0 to 4.5 mg/dL
,What is the normal electrolyte range for Magnesium? correct answers 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L
What is the normal electrolyte range for Chloride? correct answers 98 to 106 mEq/L
What is the normal electrolyte range for Sodium? correct answers 136 to 145 mEq/L
What is the normal electrolyte range for Potassium? correct answers 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
What is the normal electrolyte range for Calcium? correct answers 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Potassium do? correct answers Responsible for cell
excitability, nerve impulse conduction, resting membrane potential, muscle contraction,
myocardial membrane responsiveness, and intracellular osmolality.
K is also depolarization and generation of action potentials and regulating protein synthesis and
glucose use an storage Very important for cardiac contraction.
List the intracellular electrolytes correct answers Phosphate -
Potassium + major cation
Magnesium +
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Phosphate do? correct answers Responsible for energy
metabolism
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Magnesium do? correct answers Responsible for
enzyme reactions, neuromuscular contractions, normal functioning of nervous and
cardiovascular systems, protein synthesis, and Sodium and Potassium ion transportation.
List the positive (cations) electrolytes correct answers Calcium
,Magnesium
Potassium - major player
Sodium
Hydrogen
What does the extracellular electrolyte Calcium do? correct answers Stabilizes cell membranes
and reduces permeability, transmits nerve impulses, contracts muscles (cardiac and skeletal),
coagulates blood, and forms bones and teeth, activates enzymes
What does the extracellular electrolyte Chloride do? correct answers Maintains osmotic pressure
and helps gastric mucosal cells produce hydrochloric acid
What does the extracellular electrolyte Bicarbonate do? correct answers Plays a role in acid-base
balance
Name the extracellular electrolytes. correct answers Sodium + - most abundant extracellular
Chloride -
Calcium +
Bicarbonate -
What role does the thyroid gland play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Secretes calcitonin,
which prevents calcium release from the bone
What role does the parathyroid gland play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Secrete
parathyroid hormone, which draws calcium into the blood and helps move phosphorous to the
kidneys for excretion
What role does the GI tract play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Absorbs and excretes
fluids and electrolytes
, What role do sweat glands play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Excrete sodium,
potassium, chloride, and water through sweat
What role does the heart play in electrolyte balance? correct answers Secretes ANP causing
sodium excretion
How do the lungs and liver regulate blood pressure? correct answers By regulating sodium and
water balance
Name the major electrolytes in extracellular fluid correct answers Sodium + and Chloride -
Name the most plentiful intracellular electrolytes correct answers Potassium +
phosphate -
magnesium +
Aldosterone is produced as the result of what? correct answers Renin-angiotensin mechanism
acts to regulate fluid volume
How does (Antidiuretic Hormone) ADH work? correct answers - Hypothalamus senses low
blood volume and increases serum which signals the pituitary gland
- The pituitary gland secretes ADH into the bloodstream
- ADH causes the kidneys to retain water
- Water retention boosts blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
What's another name for vasopressin and what does it do? correct answers Antidiuretic hormone,
it regulates fluid balance
What is plasma colloid osmotic pressure? correct answers The pulling force of albumin
