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How is the atmosphere warmed?
The suns radiation which is primarily shortwave radiation is first directly
absorbed by the surface of the earth. This heats the earth which in turn reradiates
the heat at a much
longer wavelength which is absorbed by the atmosphere
What are some drivers of weather on Earth?
- Seasonal variations which expose one hemisphere to more sunlight than
yet another depending on the time of year
- Latitude variations
- Day/Night variations
- Different surfaces on the earth absorbing and reflecting heat differently. For
example, a dark rocky surface will absorb more sunlight directly than a
surface covered in
vegetation
What is the lapse rate in a standard atmosphere?
1.98˚C per 1,000ft
What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate?
3˚C per 1000ft
, What is the wet adiabatic lapse rate?
1.5˚C per 1,000 feet
What is a unstable atmosphere?
An unstable atmosphere arises when the environmental lapse rate is steeper
than both the dry adiabatic lapse rate and the wet adiabatic lapse rate.
What is a Conditional Unstable Atmosphere?
A conditional unstable atmosphere arises when the environmental lapse rate
is somewhere between the dry and adiabatic lapse rate.
What is the international temperature at sea level?
15˚C
, What is a stable atompshere?
A stable atmosphere occurs when the environmental lapse rate is shallow or
even negative
What is an inversion?
When the lapse rate is negative, the condition is known as an inversion any air
which rises were cool adiabatically and in doing so we're cool more rapidly
than the
surrounding air which cools at the environmental lapse rate. Because rising air
cools faster than its surroundings it will sink back after rising
What is the international environmental lapse rate?
2˚C per 1,000'
What is the international pressure at sea level?
29.92'' HG=1013 hPa = 1013millibars = 14.69psi
True or False: Atmospheric pressure drops by approximately 1 '' of mercury for
every 1,000 feet that you climb in the lower atmosphere
True
What is the height of the tropopause (ISA)?
36, 090 feet