NURS 6630
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
dopaminergic system - ANSWERS-Amphetamines are CNS
stimulants and act on the ___________
euphoria, paranoia, and hyperexcitability. - ANSWERS-
Amphetamines produce increased release of dopamine and
norepinephrine and decreased reuptake. This leads to increased
dopaminergic
and noradrenergic activity and produces these symptoms:
opiate - ANSWERS-Acute _______ intoxication leads to sedation,
pupillary constriction, and
respiratory depression and can be fatal
opiate antagonist - ANSWERS-Another method of treating opioid
dependence is to have the client take
an _________________ so that the effect of the
opiate will be blocked if it is used.
glutamate - ANSWERS-It has been suggested that hypofunction of
the ___________ neurons, which interconnect the four main
,areas shown to be abnormal in schizophrenia (prefrontal cortex,
mesolimbic, striatum/
nucleus acumbens, and medial temporal lobe), may be the underlying
pathophysiology.
extrapyramidal - ANSWERS-The first-generation antipsychotics
produce _____________ side effects due to
the blocking of dopamine
receptors
acetylcholine - ANSWERS-Antipsychotic medications block
____________ receptors and thereby affect the
parasympathetic nervous system which leads to dry membranes ,
blurred vision , intestinal slowing , difficulty
urinating, sedation, and sexual dysfunction
neurodevelopmental - ANSWERS-The _______________ model
proposes that in schizophrenia there is a brain defect that leads to
abnormal development later in life, especially during the synaptic
"pruning" during adolescence
alpha-adrenergic - ANSWERS-Antipsychotic medications produce an
_______________ blockade, which leads to
orthostatic hypotension.
, serotonin - ANSWERS-In contrast to the first-generation
antipsychotics, the second-generation antipsychotics
are strong ________ blockers and produce varying
degrees of dopamine (D2) blockade.
second-generation (atypical) - ANSWERS-_________ antipsychotics
generally are effective at treating both positive and negative
symptoms with limited extrapyramidal side effects
norepinephrine, dopamine - ANSWERS-The medications used to treat
amphetamine use generally potentiate the effects of ___________
or__________.
methadone - ANSWERS-One way to treat opioid abuse is to use
______________,
a long-acting synthetic opiate that is well tolerated and reduces
craving for other
opiates such as heroin. It is used for maintenance treatment because,
with its
long half-life, it produces less of a "high" and is less prone to abuse
dopamine - ANSWERS-The first-generation antipsychotics produce
extrapyramidal side effects due to
the blocking of _________
receptors.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
dopaminergic system - ANSWERS-Amphetamines are CNS
stimulants and act on the ___________
euphoria, paranoia, and hyperexcitability. - ANSWERS-
Amphetamines produce increased release of dopamine and
norepinephrine and decreased reuptake. This leads to increased
dopaminergic
and noradrenergic activity and produces these symptoms:
opiate - ANSWERS-Acute _______ intoxication leads to sedation,
pupillary constriction, and
respiratory depression and can be fatal
opiate antagonist - ANSWERS-Another method of treating opioid
dependence is to have the client take
an _________________ so that the effect of the
opiate will be blocked if it is used.
glutamate - ANSWERS-It has been suggested that hypofunction of
the ___________ neurons, which interconnect the four main
,areas shown to be abnormal in schizophrenia (prefrontal cortex,
mesolimbic, striatum/
nucleus acumbens, and medial temporal lobe), may be the underlying
pathophysiology.
extrapyramidal - ANSWERS-The first-generation antipsychotics
produce _____________ side effects due to
the blocking of dopamine
receptors
acetylcholine - ANSWERS-Antipsychotic medications block
____________ receptors and thereby affect the
parasympathetic nervous system which leads to dry membranes ,
blurred vision , intestinal slowing , difficulty
urinating, sedation, and sexual dysfunction
neurodevelopmental - ANSWERS-The _______________ model
proposes that in schizophrenia there is a brain defect that leads to
abnormal development later in life, especially during the synaptic
"pruning" during adolescence
alpha-adrenergic - ANSWERS-Antipsychotic medications produce an
_______________ blockade, which leads to
orthostatic hypotension.
, serotonin - ANSWERS-In contrast to the first-generation
antipsychotics, the second-generation antipsychotics
are strong ________ blockers and produce varying
degrees of dopamine (D2) blockade.
second-generation (atypical) - ANSWERS-_________ antipsychotics
generally are effective at treating both positive and negative
symptoms with limited extrapyramidal side effects
norepinephrine, dopamine - ANSWERS-The medications used to treat
amphetamine use generally potentiate the effects of ___________
or__________.
methadone - ANSWERS-One way to treat opioid abuse is to use
______________,
a long-acting synthetic opiate that is well tolerated and reduces
craving for other
opiates such as heroin. It is used for maintenance treatment because,
with its
long half-life, it produces less of a "high" and is less prone to abuse
dopamine - ANSWERS-The first-generation antipsychotics produce
extrapyramidal side effects due to
the blocking of _________
receptors.
