BIOS252 EXAM 3 Actual Exam 2026/2027
Complete Questions and Verified Answers
with Detailed Rationales Anatomy and
Physiology II Grade A 100% Correct Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is produced by the anterior pituitary and
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is produced by the
hypothalamus and stimulates TSH release. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone. ACTH (D) stimulates
cortisol release.
Q2: Which of the following hormones is classified as a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol (C) is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone derived from cholesterol, lipid-
soluble, and acts via intracellular receptors to affect gene transcription. Insulin (A) and glucagon
(D) are peptide hormones, and epinephrine (B) is a catecholamine (amine hormone), all of which
are water-soluble and act via membrane receptors.
,Q3: The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release growth hormone
is:
A. Somatostatin
B. GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone) [CORRECT]
C. PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone)
D. CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone) (B) stimulates the anterior pituitary to
release growth hormone. Somatostatin (A) inhibits GH release. PIH (C) inhibits prolactin. CRH
(D) stimulates ACTH release.
Q4: Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior
pituitary?
A. Growth hormone
B. Prolactin
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
D. ACTH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported via
axons to the posterior pituitary for storage and release (C). Growth hormone (A), prolactin (B),
and ACTH (D) are all synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary.
Q5: Calcitonin is produced by which cells of the thyroid gland?
A. Follicular cells
B. Parafollicular cells (C cells) [CORRECT]
C. Chief cells
D. Oxyphil cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular cells (C cells) (B) located between thyroid
follicles. Follicular cells (A) produce T3 and T4. Chief cells (C) and oxyphil cells (D) are found
in the parathyroid glands.
, Q6: Which hormone acts to increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and
increasing calcium absorption from the intestines?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Vitamin D
D. Thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PTH (B) increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone, increasing
intestinal calcium absorption (via activation of vitamin D), and decreasing renal calcium
excretion. Calcitonin (A) decreases blood calcium. Vitamin D (C) facilitates absorption but PTH
is the primary regulatory hormone.
Q7: The adrenal medulla produces which of the following hormones?
A. Aldosterone and cortisol
B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine [CORRECT]
C. Androgens only
D. ACTH and TSH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines) (B)
in response to sympathetic stimulation. Aldosterone and cortisol (A) are produced by the adrenal
cortex. Androgens (C) are also produced by the adrenal cortex. ACTH and TSH (D) are pituitary
hormones.
Q8: Which hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets and lowers blood glucose
levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Somatostatin
D. Pancreatic polypeptide
Correct Answer: B
Complete Questions and Verified Answers
with Detailed Rationales Anatomy and
Physiology II Grade A 100% Correct Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is produced by the anterior pituitary and
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is produced by the
hypothalamus and stimulates TSH release. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone. ACTH (D) stimulates
cortisol release.
Q2: Which of the following hormones is classified as a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol (C) is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone derived from cholesterol, lipid-
soluble, and acts via intracellular receptors to affect gene transcription. Insulin (A) and glucagon
(D) are peptide hormones, and epinephrine (B) is a catecholamine (amine hormone), all of which
are water-soluble and act via membrane receptors.
,Q3: The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release growth hormone
is:
A. Somatostatin
B. GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone) [CORRECT]
C. PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone)
D. CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone) (B) stimulates the anterior pituitary to
release growth hormone. Somatostatin (A) inhibits GH release. PIH (C) inhibits prolactin. CRH
(D) stimulates ACTH release.
Q4: Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior
pituitary?
A. Growth hormone
B. Prolactin
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
D. ACTH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported via
axons to the posterior pituitary for storage and release (C). Growth hormone (A), prolactin (B),
and ACTH (D) are all synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary.
Q5: Calcitonin is produced by which cells of the thyroid gland?
A. Follicular cells
B. Parafollicular cells (C cells) [CORRECT]
C. Chief cells
D. Oxyphil cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular cells (C cells) (B) located between thyroid
follicles. Follicular cells (A) produce T3 and T4. Chief cells (C) and oxyphil cells (D) are found
in the parathyroid glands.
, Q6: Which hormone acts to increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and
increasing calcium absorption from the intestines?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Vitamin D
D. Thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PTH (B) increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone, increasing
intestinal calcium absorption (via activation of vitamin D), and decreasing renal calcium
excretion. Calcitonin (A) decreases blood calcium. Vitamin D (C) facilitates absorption but PTH
is the primary regulatory hormone.
Q7: The adrenal medulla produces which of the following hormones?
A. Aldosterone and cortisol
B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine [CORRECT]
C. Androgens only
D. ACTH and TSH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines) (B)
in response to sympathetic stimulation. Aldosterone and cortisol (A) are produced by the adrenal
cortex. Androgens (C) are also produced by the adrenal cortex. ACTH and TSH (D) are pituitary
hormones.
Q8: Which hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets and lowers blood glucose
levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Somatostatin
D. Pancreatic polypeptide
Correct Answer: B
