PCC 1 Exam 2 – UNMC Nursing Student, 2026 – Study
and Review Material
Discuss the concept of mobility across the life span. - ANS✔✔ Infants - Straight spine, them
crawling tends to curve their spine. They have a large head keeping them at risk of head injury.
Muscle and training is used. Any child born with an anomaly, overtime their bones gradually get
stronger and harder. Infancy has flexible bones. Muscle continues to beef up throughout growth
of childhood. One puberty hit with both boys, their muscle growth occurs.
Aging - Does impact musculoskeletal, you get dryer, weaker, slower. People lose elasticity and
height becomes reduced leading to kyphosis which is humpback. More fragile vessels due to the
lack of superficial fat layers.
Explain the strategies for primary prevention in promoting well-being and activity across the life
course. - ANS✔✔ Primary prevention includes education patients on how to eat proper
portions, stay hydrated, and exercise. Doing ROM and ADL's can assist, even breathing exercises
play a role within the respiratory system.
Identify population and individual risk factors related to mobility. - ANS✔✔ Risk factors include
tramautic injury: brain, spinal cord, bones, joints, muscles. Neurological conditions. Chronic
conditions (and/or treatment interventions, pain meds, nutritional deficiencies, cancer
treatments, corticoid steroids.) Older adults are at greater risk for immobility.
Discuss the physiological and patholigical influences on mobility. - ANS✔✔ Pathological
influences on mobility include, postural abnormalities, muscle abnormalities, damage to the
CNS, musculoskeletal trauma. Physiological effects are emotional and behavioral responses,
sensory alterations, and changes in coping.
Describe the consequences of immobility. - ANS✔✔ Skin breakdown, muscle weakness,
thombophlebitis, constipation, pneumonia, depression, and pressure ulcers.
,Explain why the pathophysiology and common complications associated with a fracture and
fracture healing. - ANS✔✔ Fractures can affect mobility; pain pain impairs it along with the
prescriptive and balance issues. Fracture complications include: Shock, fast embolism syndrome
(FES), compartment syndrome, venous thrombosis embolism. With fracture healing, you want
to control the pain, wiggle fingers and toes, elevate, ice, antibiotics may be indicated if the bone
beccomes infected. Make sure that you are careful with cast placement or else you cause a
pressure within it.
Apply the nursing process to patients with immobility, and fractures. - ANS✔✔ Patient's with
pre-existing mobility impairments and those who are at risk for immobility will greatly benefit
from a care plan that improves the patient's functional status, promotes self-care, maintains
psychological well-being, and reduces the hazards of immobility.
Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and nursing care of the patient
with osteoporosis. - ANS✔✔ Etilogy: Osteoporosis occurs when there is an imbalance between
new bone formation and old bone resportion. The body may fail to form enough new bone, or
too much old bone may be reabsorbed, or both.
Pathophysiology: Risk factors, postmenopausal, family history, diet low in calcium, excessive use
of alcohol, certain drugs, diabetes.
Clinical manifestations: Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra, loss of height
overtime, a stooped posutre, a bone that breaks much more easily than expected.
Nursing care: Get the proper amount of calcium and Vitamin D. Calcium intake is essential to
prevent bone loss and important. Prevent falls by providing a safe environment. Medications to
avoid more bone loss, limit salt, caffeine, soda, alcohol.
Describe critical thinking. - ANS✔✔ The ability to think in a systematic an logical manner with
openness to question and reflect on the reasoning process.
, Describe clinical judgement. - ANS✔✔ Decisions about the patient and their families in your
care.
Evaluate the understanding of critical thinking. - ANS✔✔ - It involves open-mindedness,
continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined with a willingness to look at each unique patient
situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant.
- It's not a simple step-by-step process. It is gained through experience, commitment, and an
active curiosity toward learning.
Apply clinical judgment to the care of a hospitalized patient. - ANS✔✔ An RN observes for
changes in patients, recognizes potential problems, identifies new problems are they arise, and
takes action when a patient's clinical condition worsens.
Apply critical thinking to the care of a hospitalized patient. - ANS✔✔ When a patient develops
new set of symptoms, asks you to offer comfort, or requires a procedure, it is important to think
critically and make sensible judgements so that the patient receives the best nursing care
possible.
Review therapeutic communication in nursing. - ANS✔✔ - Therapeutic relationships are patient
focused, it exists for the needs and goals of the patient.
What is a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship? - ANS✔✔ Central to the implementation
phase. Collaboratively you develop the goals and outcome criteria and then consider nursing
interventions for promoting a healthy self-concept and helping a patient move toward his or her
goal. As the nurse-patient relationship develops, the nurse and patient mutually define the
problems and potential solutions. When the patient's original needs are resolved, new needs
sometimes emerge. This middle-range theory is useful in establishing effective nurse-patient
communication when obtaining a nursing history providing patient education, or counseling
patients and their families.
Identify elements of effective communication. - ANS✔✔ - Caring for others
and Review Material
Discuss the concept of mobility across the life span. - ANS✔✔ Infants - Straight spine, them
crawling tends to curve their spine. They have a large head keeping them at risk of head injury.
Muscle and training is used. Any child born with an anomaly, overtime their bones gradually get
stronger and harder. Infancy has flexible bones. Muscle continues to beef up throughout growth
of childhood. One puberty hit with both boys, their muscle growth occurs.
Aging - Does impact musculoskeletal, you get dryer, weaker, slower. People lose elasticity and
height becomes reduced leading to kyphosis which is humpback. More fragile vessels due to the
lack of superficial fat layers.
Explain the strategies for primary prevention in promoting well-being and activity across the life
course. - ANS✔✔ Primary prevention includes education patients on how to eat proper
portions, stay hydrated, and exercise. Doing ROM and ADL's can assist, even breathing exercises
play a role within the respiratory system.
Identify population and individual risk factors related to mobility. - ANS✔✔ Risk factors include
tramautic injury: brain, spinal cord, bones, joints, muscles. Neurological conditions. Chronic
conditions (and/or treatment interventions, pain meds, nutritional deficiencies, cancer
treatments, corticoid steroids.) Older adults are at greater risk for immobility.
Discuss the physiological and patholigical influences on mobility. - ANS✔✔ Pathological
influences on mobility include, postural abnormalities, muscle abnormalities, damage to the
CNS, musculoskeletal trauma. Physiological effects are emotional and behavioral responses,
sensory alterations, and changes in coping.
Describe the consequences of immobility. - ANS✔✔ Skin breakdown, muscle weakness,
thombophlebitis, constipation, pneumonia, depression, and pressure ulcers.
,Explain why the pathophysiology and common complications associated with a fracture and
fracture healing. - ANS✔✔ Fractures can affect mobility; pain pain impairs it along with the
prescriptive and balance issues. Fracture complications include: Shock, fast embolism syndrome
(FES), compartment syndrome, venous thrombosis embolism. With fracture healing, you want
to control the pain, wiggle fingers and toes, elevate, ice, antibiotics may be indicated if the bone
beccomes infected. Make sure that you are careful with cast placement or else you cause a
pressure within it.
Apply the nursing process to patients with immobility, and fractures. - ANS✔✔ Patient's with
pre-existing mobility impairments and those who are at risk for immobility will greatly benefit
from a care plan that improves the patient's functional status, promotes self-care, maintains
psychological well-being, and reduces the hazards of immobility.
Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and nursing care of the patient
with osteoporosis. - ANS✔✔ Etilogy: Osteoporosis occurs when there is an imbalance between
new bone formation and old bone resportion. The body may fail to form enough new bone, or
too much old bone may be reabsorbed, or both.
Pathophysiology: Risk factors, postmenopausal, family history, diet low in calcium, excessive use
of alcohol, certain drugs, diabetes.
Clinical manifestations: Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra, loss of height
overtime, a stooped posutre, a bone that breaks much more easily than expected.
Nursing care: Get the proper amount of calcium and Vitamin D. Calcium intake is essential to
prevent bone loss and important. Prevent falls by providing a safe environment. Medications to
avoid more bone loss, limit salt, caffeine, soda, alcohol.
Describe critical thinking. - ANS✔✔ The ability to think in a systematic an logical manner with
openness to question and reflect on the reasoning process.
, Describe clinical judgement. - ANS✔✔ Decisions about the patient and their families in your
care.
Evaluate the understanding of critical thinking. - ANS✔✔ - It involves open-mindedness,
continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined with a willingness to look at each unique patient
situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant.
- It's not a simple step-by-step process. It is gained through experience, commitment, and an
active curiosity toward learning.
Apply clinical judgment to the care of a hospitalized patient. - ANS✔✔ An RN observes for
changes in patients, recognizes potential problems, identifies new problems are they arise, and
takes action when a patient's clinical condition worsens.
Apply critical thinking to the care of a hospitalized patient. - ANS✔✔ When a patient develops
new set of symptoms, asks you to offer comfort, or requires a procedure, it is important to think
critically and make sensible judgements so that the patient receives the best nursing care
possible.
Review therapeutic communication in nursing. - ANS✔✔ - Therapeutic relationships are patient
focused, it exists for the needs and goals of the patient.
What is a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship? - ANS✔✔ Central to the implementation
phase. Collaboratively you develop the goals and outcome criteria and then consider nursing
interventions for promoting a healthy self-concept and helping a patient move toward his or her
goal. As the nurse-patient relationship develops, the nurse and patient mutually define the
problems and potential solutions. When the patient's original needs are resolved, new needs
sometimes emerge. This middle-range theory is useful in establishing effective nurse-patient
communication when obtaining a nursing history providing patient education, or counseling
patients and their families.
Identify elements of effective communication. - ANS✔✔ - Caring for others
