A child with Down's syndrome has had frequent respiratory tract infections since birth. What
should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness? - ANSWER Gas-
troesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Feedback: Gastroesophageal reflux is commonly seen in children with Down syndrome and
can be severe enough to result in aspiration of stomach contents, causing respiratory symp-
toms such as persistent coughing, wheezing, and pneumonia
The FNP understands that a female patient with a complete or partial absence of the second
sex chromosome may also display which of the following physical signs? - AN-
SWER Ovarian failure
Feedback: Turner's syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2500 live births. It is diagnosed by
complete or partial absence of the second sex chromosome (45, X). Patients may also
demonstrate congenital lymphedema of hands and feet, webbed neck, high-arched palate,
and short fourth metacarpal. Short stature, Ovarian failure, cardiovascular and renal issues,
ear malformations, and other health problems, as well as amenorrhea due to premature
ovarian failure
An example of a disease that is caused by a chromosomal deletion is cri du chat syndrome.
Children affected with this disorder commonly display which of the following symptoms? -
ANSWER Symptoms associated with cri du chat include low birth weight, severe intel-
lectual disability, microcephaly, and heart defects.
What type of immunity is the body's 3rd line of defense and includes the primary character-
istics of specificity and memory. - ANSWER Adaptive
Feedback: The third line of defense in the human body is adaptive (acquired) immunity.
The local manifestations of inflammation result from vascular changes and the circulation of
associated components into the tissue. The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation include all of
1
, the following: - ANSWER Swelling, pain, heat, and redness are the cardinal signs of in-
flammation.
Patients with trisomy of the 21st chromosome are also predisposed to which of the follow-
ing diseases, which is also affected by alterations in the 21st chromosome? - AN-
SWER Alzheimer Disease
Which assessment findings are typically associated with a diagnosis of systemic lupus ery-
thematous? - ANSWER Joint pain, malar rash, and photosensitivity
Feedback: The symptoms most often experiences with SLE are arthritis, arthralgias, fatigue,
Reynaud phenomenon, chronic low-grade fever, sun sensitivity, hair loss, weakness, malar
facial rash, and weight loss.
The FNP understands the the most common form of facial paralysis is bells palsy. This disor-
der primarily affects which cranial nerve? - ANSWER Bell palsy may be caused by reac-
tivation of herpesviruses in cranial nerve VII
A patient presents with symptoms of fever, tachycardia, chills, throbbing headache, severe
photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. Based on the presumed diagnosis, the FNP understands
that the following symptoms may also occur in response to irritation and inflammation of
the cranial nerves: - ANSWER deafness, tinnitus, and vertigo
Feedback: These symptoms can occur due to damage to cranial nerve VIII.
The clinical manifestations of myasthenia gravis include diplopia, ptosis, ocular palsies, facial
droop, and difficulty swallowing and chewing. The symptoms are a direct result of a defect in
nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction. These symptoms usually have an
insidious onset and can commonly occur during which significant life event? - AN-
SWER Pregnancy
When prescribing an antibiotic to treat acute otitis media, the FNP is aware that there are 4
common bacteria that cause AOM. Which of the following is not a common cause? - AN-
SWER Streptococcus pyogenes - The most common pathogens are Haemophilus influ-
enzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus.
2
should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness? - ANSWER Gas-
troesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Feedback: Gastroesophageal reflux is commonly seen in children with Down syndrome and
can be severe enough to result in aspiration of stomach contents, causing respiratory symp-
toms such as persistent coughing, wheezing, and pneumonia
The FNP understands that a female patient with a complete or partial absence of the second
sex chromosome may also display which of the following physical signs? - AN-
SWER Ovarian failure
Feedback: Turner's syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2500 live births. It is diagnosed by
complete or partial absence of the second sex chromosome (45, X). Patients may also
demonstrate congenital lymphedema of hands and feet, webbed neck, high-arched palate,
and short fourth metacarpal. Short stature, Ovarian failure, cardiovascular and renal issues,
ear malformations, and other health problems, as well as amenorrhea due to premature
ovarian failure
An example of a disease that is caused by a chromosomal deletion is cri du chat syndrome.
Children affected with this disorder commonly display which of the following symptoms? -
ANSWER Symptoms associated with cri du chat include low birth weight, severe intel-
lectual disability, microcephaly, and heart defects.
What type of immunity is the body's 3rd line of defense and includes the primary character-
istics of specificity and memory. - ANSWER Adaptive
Feedback: The third line of defense in the human body is adaptive (acquired) immunity.
The local manifestations of inflammation result from vascular changes and the circulation of
associated components into the tissue. The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation include all of
1
, the following: - ANSWER Swelling, pain, heat, and redness are the cardinal signs of in-
flammation.
Patients with trisomy of the 21st chromosome are also predisposed to which of the follow-
ing diseases, which is also affected by alterations in the 21st chromosome? - AN-
SWER Alzheimer Disease
Which assessment findings are typically associated with a diagnosis of systemic lupus ery-
thematous? - ANSWER Joint pain, malar rash, and photosensitivity
Feedback: The symptoms most often experiences with SLE are arthritis, arthralgias, fatigue,
Reynaud phenomenon, chronic low-grade fever, sun sensitivity, hair loss, weakness, malar
facial rash, and weight loss.
The FNP understands the the most common form of facial paralysis is bells palsy. This disor-
der primarily affects which cranial nerve? - ANSWER Bell palsy may be caused by reac-
tivation of herpesviruses in cranial nerve VII
A patient presents with symptoms of fever, tachycardia, chills, throbbing headache, severe
photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. Based on the presumed diagnosis, the FNP understands
that the following symptoms may also occur in response to irritation and inflammation of
the cranial nerves: - ANSWER deafness, tinnitus, and vertigo
Feedback: These symptoms can occur due to damage to cranial nerve VIII.
The clinical manifestations of myasthenia gravis include diplopia, ptosis, ocular palsies, facial
droop, and difficulty swallowing and chewing. The symptoms are a direct result of a defect in
nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction. These symptoms usually have an
insidious onset and can commonly occur during which significant life event? - AN-
SWER Pregnancy
When prescribing an antibiotic to treat acute otitis media, the FNP is aware that there are 4
common bacteria that cause AOM. Which of the following is not a common cause? - AN-
SWER Streptococcus pyogenes - The most common pathogens are Haemophilus influ-
enzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus.
2
