PCC Exam 3, Shulke UNMC, 2026 – Law & Ethics Study
and Practice Material
Elimination - correct answer ✔✔ excretion of waste from the body
urinary elimination - correct answer ✔✔ passage of urine out of the urinary tract through the
urinary sphincter and urethra
bowel elimination - correct answer ✔✔ passage and dispelling of stool through the intestinal
tract by means of intestinal smooth muscle contraction
Bladder function is CNS function - correct answer ✔✔
Voiding - correct answer ✔✔ bladder contraction and urethral sphincter contraction plus pelvic
floor muscle relaxation
micturition Center - correct answer ✔✔ found in pons (central nervous system); given time and
training makes micturition a voluntary process
bladder wall stretches signaling the micturition center
Urinary Retention - correct answer ✔✔ the accumulation of urine in the bladder and inability of
the bladder to empty itself
Urinary Tract Infection - correct answer ✔✔ results from catheterization or procedure or
contamination
Urinary Incontinence - correct answer ✔✔ involuntary leakage of urine
, Urinary Retention Consequences - correct answer ✔✔ external sphincter doesn't open or
urethra is blocked
backflow to the upper urinary tract
dilation of ureters and renal pelvis
pyelonephritis and renal atrophy
Most common bacterial infection in women - correct answer ✔✔ UTI
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria - correct answer ✔✔ Minority of healthy individuals have colonizing
bacteria in bladder.
Does not justify treatment
Escherichia coli (E. coli) - correct answer ✔✔ most common UTI pathogen
10^5 CFU/mL or more - correct answer ✔✔ Indicative of a UTI
Patients at Risk for UTIs - correct answer ✔✔ -Immunosuppressed
-Diabetic
-Having undergone multiple antibiotic courses
-Have traveled to developing countries
Urosepsis - correct answer ✔✔ spread of infection from the urinary tract to the bloodstream
that results in a systemic infection-can be life threatening
Alteration of defense mechanisms - correct answer ✔✔ Increase risk of contracting UTI
and Practice Material
Elimination - correct answer ✔✔ excretion of waste from the body
urinary elimination - correct answer ✔✔ passage of urine out of the urinary tract through the
urinary sphincter and urethra
bowel elimination - correct answer ✔✔ passage and dispelling of stool through the intestinal
tract by means of intestinal smooth muscle contraction
Bladder function is CNS function - correct answer ✔✔
Voiding - correct answer ✔✔ bladder contraction and urethral sphincter contraction plus pelvic
floor muscle relaxation
micturition Center - correct answer ✔✔ found in pons (central nervous system); given time and
training makes micturition a voluntary process
bladder wall stretches signaling the micturition center
Urinary Retention - correct answer ✔✔ the accumulation of urine in the bladder and inability of
the bladder to empty itself
Urinary Tract Infection - correct answer ✔✔ results from catheterization or procedure or
contamination
Urinary Incontinence - correct answer ✔✔ involuntary leakage of urine
, Urinary Retention Consequences - correct answer ✔✔ external sphincter doesn't open or
urethra is blocked
backflow to the upper urinary tract
dilation of ureters and renal pelvis
pyelonephritis and renal atrophy
Most common bacterial infection in women - correct answer ✔✔ UTI
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria - correct answer ✔✔ Minority of healthy individuals have colonizing
bacteria in bladder.
Does not justify treatment
Escherichia coli (E. coli) - correct answer ✔✔ most common UTI pathogen
10^5 CFU/mL or more - correct answer ✔✔ Indicative of a UTI
Patients at Risk for UTIs - correct answer ✔✔ -Immunosuppressed
-Diabetic
-Having undergone multiple antibiotic courses
-Have traveled to developing countries
Urosepsis - correct answer ✔✔ spread of infection from the urinary tract to the bloodstream
that results in a systemic infection-can be life threatening
Alteration of defense mechanisms - correct answer ✔✔ Increase risk of contracting UTI
