NUR210 MOD2: CKD Exam LATEST
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Role of the kidneys
-Filter metabolic waste products
-Balance fluids & electrolytes
-Regulate acid–base balance
-Control blood pressure (RAAS)
-Secrete erythropoietin → RBC production
-Activate vitamin D → calcium absorption & bone health
What is the RAAS system?
-Renin Release: The kidneys release the enzyme renin in response to low blood
pressure, low sodium, or sympathetic nerve activation.
-Angiotensinogen Conversion:
Renin converts angiotensinogen (produced by the liver) into angiotensin I.
-ACE Action: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), primarily in the lungs, converts
angiotensin I into the active hormone angiotensin II.
-Effects of Angiotensin II: This peptide acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor (narrowing
vessels) and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
-Fluid Retention: Aldosterone prompts the kidneys to retain sodium and water,
increasing blood volume and raising blood pressure.
Definition of CKD
, -Progressive, irreversible decline in kidney function over time
-Leads to: accumulation of waste (uremia), fluid overload & electrolyte imbalances
-Results in decreased GFR
High risk populations for CKD
-African Americans
-Hispanics
-Native Americans
-Pacific Islanders
-Asian Americans
High risk groups for CKD
-Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Family history of kidney failure
Key facts of CKD
-Heart disease = leading cause of death
-GFR = best indicator of kidney function
-Hypertension ↔ CKD (each causes the other)
-Persistent proteinuria = CKD
-Two simple tests can detect CKD: blood pressure, urine albumin and serum creatinine.
-Early detection can slow progression
Common causes of CKD
-Diabetes neuropathy
-Kidney infection (glomerulonephritis)
UPDATE Questions and Answers 100%
PASS|| GUARANTEED PASS
Role of the kidneys
-Filter metabolic waste products
-Balance fluids & electrolytes
-Regulate acid–base balance
-Control blood pressure (RAAS)
-Secrete erythropoietin → RBC production
-Activate vitamin D → calcium absorption & bone health
What is the RAAS system?
-Renin Release: The kidneys release the enzyme renin in response to low blood
pressure, low sodium, or sympathetic nerve activation.
-Angiotensinogen Conversion:
Renin converts angiotensinogen (produced by the liver) into angiotensin I.
-ACE Action: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), primarily in the lungs, converts
angiotensin I into the active hormone angiotensin II.
-Effects of Angiotensin II: This peptide acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor (narrowing
vessels) and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
-Fluid Retention: Aldosterone prompts the kidneys to retain sodium and water,
increasing blood volume and raising blood pressure.
Definition of CKD
, -Progressive, irreversible decline in kidney function over time
-Leads to: accumulation of waste (uremia), fluid overload & electrolyte imbalances
-Results in decreased GFR
High risk populations for CKD
-African Americans
-Hispanics
-Native Americans
-Pacific Islanders
-Asian Americans
High risk groups for CKD
-Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Family history of kidney failure
Key facts of CKD
-Heart disease = leading cause of death
-GFR = best indicator of kidney function
-Hypertension ↔ CKD (each causes the other)
-Persistent proteinuria = CKD
-Two simple tests can detect CKD: blood pressure, urine albumin and serum creatinine.
-Early detection can slow progression
Common causes of CKD
-Diabetes neuropathy
-Kidney infection (glomerulonephritis)
