EXAM MASTERY GUIDE:
Computer Applications (Code 165)
Internet Basics, Web Services, and Networking Protocols.
Target Audience: CBSE Class 10 Students (2026 Examination)
Author Notes: Comprehensive Last-Minute Revision & Concept
Clearing Guide
(DETAILED SUMMARY)
THE CORE CONCEPTS :
1 The Digital Backbone: Internet vs. World Wide Web
The Internet is the physical global infrastructure—a massive "Network of
Networks" connected via copper wires, fiber-optic cables, and satellite
links. It operates using the TCP/IP protocol suite to ensure data packets
reach their destination. In contrast, the World Wide Web (WWW) is an
information-sharing service that runs on top of the Internet. Invented by
Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, the Web consists of billions of interlinked HTML
documents (webpages) that we access via browsers.
2 Networking Scales: LAN, MAN, and WAN
Networking is categorized by its geographical reach. A Local Area Network
(LAN) is restricted to a small area, like a single room or office, offering high-
speed data transfer. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) connects
multiple LANs across a city (e.g., cable TV networks). The Wide Area
Network (WAN), such as the Internet, spans countries and continents.
, While WANs cover the most distance, they are generally slower than LANs
due to the massive physical distance data must travel.
3 The Client-Server Model
Every interaction on the web follows the Client-Server Architecture. The
Client is the user's device (phone/PC) that requests information. The Web
Server is a high-powered computer that stores website files and "serves"
them to the client upon request. For a website to be visible to the world, it
must be "hosted" on a server that remains online 24/7.
4 Navigating the Web: Browsers and URLs
A Web Browser is a software application (e.g., Chrome, Edge) that retrieves
HTML code from a server and translates it into a visual webpage. Each
resource on the web has a unique "Digital Home Address" known as a URL
(Uniform Resource Locator). Navigation is made possible through
Hyperlinks, which allow users to jump from one document to another
instantly.
TOP 20 SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What defines the Internet?
The Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks that
communicate using standardized protocols. It connects billions of
private, public, and government devices to facilitate data exchange.
Essentially, it is the physical infrastructure that supports global
communication and services. It allows for the seamless flow of
information across borders.
2. How is the WWW different from the Internet?
The Internet is the hardware and connectivity layer, whereas the
WWW is the content and service layer. Think of the Internet as the
tracks and the WWW as the train that carries information. The Web
Computer Applications (Code 165)
Internet Basics, Web Services, and Networking Protocols.
Target Audience: CBSE Class 10 Students (2026 Examination)
Author Notes: Comprehensive Last-Minute Revision & Concept
Clearing Guide
(DETAILED SUMMARY)
THE CORE CONCEPTS :
1 The Digital Backbone: Internet vs. World Wide Web
The Internet is the physical global infrastructure—a massive "Network of
Networks" connected via copper wires, fiber-optic cables, and satellite
links. It operates using the TCP/IP protocol suite to ensure data packets
reach their destination. In contrast, the World Wide Web (WWW) is an
information-sharing service that runs on top of the Internet. Invented by
Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, the Web consists of billions of interlinked HTML
documents (webpages) that we access via browsers.
2 Networking Scales: LAN, MAN, and WAN
Networking is categorized by its geographical reach. A Local Area Network
(LAN) is restricted to a small area, like a single room or office, offering high-
speed data transfer. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) connects
multiple LANs across a city (e.g., cable TV networks). The Wide Area
Network (WAN), such as the Internet, spans countries and continents.
, While WANs cover the most distance, they are generally slower than LANs
due to the massive physical distance data must travel.
3 The Client-Server Model
Every interaction on the web follows the Client-Server Architecture. The
Client is the user's device (phone/PC) that requests information. The Web
Server is a high-powered computer that stores website files and "serves"
them to the client upon request. For a website to be visible to the world, it
must be "hosted" on a server that remains online 24/7.
4 Navigating the Web: Browsers and URLs
A Web Browser is a software application (e.g., Chrome, Edge) that retrieves
HTML code from a server and translates it into a visual webpage. Each
resource on the web has a unique "Digital Home Address" known as a URL
(Uniform Resource Locator). Navigation is made possible through
Hyperlinks, which allow users to jump from one document to another
instantly.
TOP 20 SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What defines the Internet?
The Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks that
communicate using standardized protocols. It connects billions of
private, public, and government devices to facilitate data exchange.
Essentially, it is the physical infrastructure that supports global
communication and services. It allows for the seamless flow of
information across borders.
2. How is the WWW different from the Internet?
The Internet is the hardware and connectivity layer, whereas the
WWW is the content and service layer. Think of the Internet as the
tracks and the WWW as the train that carries information. The Web
