NURS 309 Exam #1 Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Identify characteristics of evidence-based practice. -1850s: historical evolution of "research" evidence began w/ Florence Nightingale
-best evidence from critical review of literature (research articles)
-clinical expertise
-patient preferences
-clinical knowledge (physical assessment)
Identify characteristics of diagnostic reasoning. -attend to available cues (pick up on pieces of info pt. gives you)
>ex: pt. alert and oriented when first came in, now confused and clammy
-formulate diagnostic hypothesis (make a guess about what is happening)
>ex: pt. diabetic, maybe low blood sugar?
-gather data relative to hypothesis
>ex: take blood sugar
-evaluate each hypothesis w/ new data collected to arrive at final diagnosis
>ex: give orange juice and food, see if blood sugar went up and plan worked
Identify characteristics of nursing process. -Assessment: collect all info, health hx, diet assessment, risk assessment
-Diagnosis: cluster data, identify what pt. needs are
-Outcome Identification: if pt. has impaired skin integrity, outcome is to have
reduction/healing of wound
-Planning: set timeline, specific type of dressing, reposition frequently
-Implementation: document what you do, coordinate w/ other HC workers
-evaluation: see if it is working, sometimes they don't work and need to come up
w/ different plan
, Identify characteristics of critical thinking. -novice: starting out in learning, uses rules to guide performance
-competent: building on 2-3 years of clinical experience, see actions in context of
pt. goals or plans
-proficient: adding time to experience, understands pt. situation as a whole rather
than individual parts - apply long term goals
-expert: attained mastery of an area of learning, performs clinical judgement
using ituitive analysis
What different types of data should be gathered during -complete (total health) database: all health hx, physical assessment, creating
an assessment? database for initial stage of care (ex: brand new pt, new hospital admit)
-focused (problem-centered) database: if pt. has specific problem (ex: rash - do
assessment/database for particular problem)
-follow-up database: on a problem to see if it's gotten better or worse (ex: if rash
pt. back, only assess to see if improved or not)
-emergency database: assessment while giving life saving measures (ex: pt.
bleeding on ground, putting pressure while asking questions about what
happend)
Describe subjective and objective data. -subjective: data pt. gives you about themselves, something they feel (ex: knee
pain)
-objective: data collected using assessment skills (inspection, auscultation, etc.)
Identify and set priorities. -1st level priorities: life threatening, immediate priorities (ABCV)
-2nd level priorities: urgent needs, but won't die immediately (ex: acute pain,
abnormal potassium, low blood glucose)
-3rd level priorities: important for patient's health; interventions are long-term,
may require collaboration among HC professionals (ex: developing healthy plan
for diabetic)
Understand demographic profile of U.S. -total population passed 321 million in 2015
-61.6% of population identified as non-Hispanic whites
-minority/emerging majority accounts for 38%
-Hispanics: largest and fastest growing group
-Blacks: second largest population
-Asians, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific
Islanders make up 3rd largest part of population
Describe determinants of health. -neighborhood and built environment, health/health care, social/community
context, education, economic stability
-constellation of related factors
-affect person from preconception to death
-EBP indicates poverty has greatest influence on health status
Describe ethnicity. -social group w/ shared traits
-ethnic identity: self-identification w/ particular ethnic group
-share geographic origin, migratory status, religion, race, language, values,
traditions, symbols, food preferences
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Identify characteristics of evidence-based practice. -1850s: historical evolution of "research" evidence began w/ Florence Nightingale
-best evidence from critical review of literature (research articles)
-clinical expertise
-patient preferences
-clinical knowledge (physical assessment)
Identify characteristics of diagnostic reasoning. -attend to available cues (pick up on pieces of info pt. gives you)
>ex: pt. alert and oriented when first came in, now confused and clammy
-formulate diagnostic hypothesis (make a guess about what is happening)
>ex: pt. diabetic, maybe low blood sugar?
-gather data relative to hypothesis
>ex: take blood sugar
-evaluate each hypothesis w/ new data collected to arrive at final diagnosis
>ex: give orange juice and food, see if blood sugar went up and plan worked
Identify characteristics of nursing process. -Assessment: collect all info, health hx, diet assessment, risk assessment
-Diagnosis: cluster data, identify what pt. needs are
-Outcome Identification: if pt. has impaired skin integrity, outcome is to have
reduction/healing of wound
-Planning: set timeline, specific type of dressing, reposition frequently
-Implementation: document what you do, coordinate w/ other HC workers
-evaluation: see if it is working, sometimes they don't work and need to come up
w/ different plan
, Identify characteristics of critical thinking. -novice: starting out in learning, uses rules to guide performance
-competent: building on 2-3 years of clinical experience, see actions in context of
pt. goals or plans
-proficient: adding time to experience, understands pt. situation as a whole rather
than individual parts - apply long term goals
-expert: attained mastery of an area of learning, performs clinical judgement
using ituitive analysis
What different types of data should be gathered during -complete (total health) database: all health hx, physical assessment, creating
an assessment? database for initial stage of care (ex: brand new pt, new hospital admit)
-focused (problem-centered) database: if pt. has specific problem (ex: rash - do
assessment/database for particular problem)
-follow-up database: on a problem to see if it's gotten better or worse (ex: if rash
pt. back, only assess to see if improved or not)
-emergency database: assessment while giving life saving measures (ex: pt.
bleeding on ground, putting pressure while asking questions about what
happend)
Describe subjective and objective data. -subjective: data pt. gives you about themselves, something they feel (ex: knee
pain)
-objective: data collected using assessment skills (inspection, auscultation, etc.)
Identify and set priorities. -1st level priorities: life threatening, immediate priorities (ABCV)
-2nd level priorities: urgent needs, but won't die immediately (ex: acute pain,
abnormal potassium, low blood glucose)
-3rd level priorities: important for patient's health; interventions are long-term,
may require collaboration among HC professionals (ex: developing healthy plan
for diabetic)
Understand demographic profile of U.S. -total population passed 321 million in 2015
-61.6% of population identified as non-Hispanic whites
-minority/emerging majority accounts for 38%
-Hispanics: largest and fastest growing group
-Blacks: second largest population
-Asians, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific
Islanders make up 3rd largest part of population
Describe determinants of health. -neighborhood and built environment, health/health care, social/community
context, education, economic stability
-constellation of related factors
-affect person from preconception to death
-EBP indicates poverty has greatest influence on health status
Describe ethnicity. -social group w/ shared traits
-ethnic identity: self-identification w/ particular ethnic group
-share geographic origin, migratory status, religion, race, language, values,
traditions, symbols, food preferences
