NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Questions
& Answers | NP Study Guide |100%Verified
and Updated|Graded A + Latest
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse
drug reactions with potential long term consequences?
Correct Answer:
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Correct Answer:
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and
older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Correct Answer:
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either
be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Correct Answer:
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has
lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450
enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
Correct Answer:
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names
,Correct Answer:
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol,
phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
Correct Answer:
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
Correct Answer:
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to
look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Correct Answer:
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol,
ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Correct Answer:
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Correct Answer:
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and
fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and
hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in
neonates?
,Correct Answer:
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
Correct Answer:
delayed gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
Correct Answer:
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines,
and kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient
education?
Correct Answer:
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for
adverse drug reactions?
Correct Answer:
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
, inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly
patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
Correct Answer:
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter
medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due
to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers
list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?
Correct Answer:
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?
Correct Answer:
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?
& Answers | NP Study Guide |100%Verified
and Updated|Graded A + Latest
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse
drug reactions with potential long term consequences?
Correct Answer:
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Correct Answer:
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and
older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Correct Answer:
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either
be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Correct Answer:
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has
lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450
enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
Correct Answer:
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names
,Correct Answer:
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol,
phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
Correct Answer:
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
Correct Answer:
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to
look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Correct Answer:
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol,
ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Correct Answer:
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Correct Answer:
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and
fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and
hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in
neonates?
,Correct Answer:
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
Correct Answer:
delayed gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
Correct Answer:
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines,
and kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient
education?
Correct Answer:
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for
adverse drug reactions?
Correct Answer:
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
, inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly
patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
Correct Answer:
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter
medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due
to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers
list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?
Correct Answer:
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?
Correct Answer:
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?
