OCANZ WRITTEN FINAL EXAM | NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ | 100% PASS | 2026 UPDATE!
What are typical fusional reserves for base in near fixation? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > 12-14D
What are the advantages and disadvantages of collagen cross linking? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Can be used in early to moderate
keratoconus, helps to prevent keratoconus worsening, side effects
include: punctate keratitis, corneal epithelium defect, haziness, dry eye,
photophobia
How do you perform fusional reserves? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Introduce prism gradually, record blur / break / recovery
What is the management for neovascularisation? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > Reduce lens wear, cease lens wear for few days, stop EW,
increase oxygen permeability, SiH, decrease mechanical stimulation
What are successful rxs for OrthoKs? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -
1.00DS to -4.50DS, up to -1.50DC and possible up to -6.00DS
,What are exercises to improve esophoria and what is the aim? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Aim to improve negative relative convergence -
stereograms, bar reading and fusional reserve exercises
What are the advantages and disadvantages of penetrating
keratoplasty? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Advantages: simpler
technique, faster Disadvantages: higher rate of rejection.high
astigmatism, more sutures, neovasc, longer visual rehabilitation
What are typical fusional reserves for base out distance fixation? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 20-25D
What are typical fusional reserves for base in distance fixation? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > 6-8D
What are typical fusional reserves for vertical base? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > 2-4D
What are the exercises to improve exophoria and what is the aim? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Aim to improce positive relative
convergence with stereograms, fusional exercises
What causes a high AC/A ratio? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Accommodative esotropia
,What causes a low AC/A ration? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > More
exotropic at near
What is the relationship between Ks and corneal astigmatism? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > 0.1mm = 0.50 astigmatism
What can be done to amend an RGP with high decentration? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Reduce lens thickness, reduce total diameter, may
have excessive amounts WTR astigmatism - back surface toric
How can lens movement be increased? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Increase BOZR, Decrease BOZD, Decrease TD
A px presents with irritated lens, mucus and excessive lens movements
as well as lens deposits, investigation shows papillae and follicles on
both upper lids and superior corneal staining. What is the cause and
management? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > CLIPC - Cease lens wear,
change lens material to lower modulus and more frequent replacement
plan, cold compress, reduce WT, improve hygiene, sodium cromglycate
What are the 4 key features of an orthoK lens? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > Flat central zone, reverse curve zone, peripheral aspheric
zone, bevel
, Describe a typical reverse geometry fit. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Central touch, mid peripheral clearance, peripheral alignment, edge lift
What should the ideal fitting profile of an ortho Ks be? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > 4-5mm diameter centrally flattened zone, concentric
regular steep zone, peripheral cornea with unchanged geometry
How is Horner's pupil diagnosed? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 4%
cocaine - no dilation with Horner's. Hydroxyamphetamine 1%
preganglionic lesion both pupils will dilate, post ganglionic lesion the
Horner's pupil won't dilate
What are causes of Horner's pupil? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Brainstem disease, spinal cord tumour, Pancoast tumour, carotid and
aortic aneurysms, neck lesions, cluster headaches, otitis media,
cavernous sinus mass, nasopharyngeal tumour
How is Adie's pupil diagnosed? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Pilocarpine
causes abnormal pupil to contract vigorously
What is the appearance of Adie's pupil? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Larger pupil initially and may be irregular, smaller over time 'Little Old
Adie'
ACTUAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ | 100% PASS | 2026 UPDATE!
What are typical fusional reserves for base in near fixation? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > 12-14D
What are the advantages and disadvantages of collagen cross linking? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Can be used in early to moderate
keratoconus, helps to prevent keratoconus worsening, side effects
include: punctate keratitis, corneal epithelium defect, haziness, dry eye,
photophobia
How do you perform fusional reserves? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Introduce prism gradually, record blur / break / recovery
What is the management for neovascularisation? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > Reduce lens wear, cease lens wear for few days, stop EW,
increase oxygen permeability, SiH, decrease mechanical stimulation
What are successful rxs for OrthoKs? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -
1.00DS to -4.50DS, up to -1.50DC and possible up to -6.00DS
,What are exercises to improve esophoria and what is the aim? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Aim to improve negative relative convergence -
stereograms, bar reading and fusional reserve exercises
What are the advantages and disadvantages of penetrating
keratoplasty? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Advantages: simpler
technique, faster Disadvantages: higher rate of rejection.high
astigmatism, more sutures, neovasc, longer visual rehabilitation
What are typical fusional reserves for base out distance fixation? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 20-25D
What are typical fusional reserves for base in distance fixation? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > 6-8D
What are typical fusional reserves for vertical base? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > 2-4D
What are the exercises to improve exophoria and what is the aim? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Aim to improce positive relative
convergence with stereograms, fusional exercises
What causes a high AC/A ratio? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Accommodative esotropia
,What causes a low AC/A ration? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > More
exotropic at near
What is the relationship between Ks and corneal astigmatism? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > 0.1mm = 0.50 astigmatism
What can be done to amend an RGP with high decentration? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Reduce lens thickness, reduce total diameter, may
have excessive amounts WTR astigmatism - back surface toric
How can lens movement be increased? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Increase BOZR, Decrease BOZD, Decrease TD
A px presents with irritated lens, mucus and excessive lens movements
as well as lens deposits, investigation shows papillae and follicles on
both upper lids and superior corneal staining. What is the cause and
management? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > CLIPC - Cease lens wear,
change lens material to lower modulus and more frequent replacement
plan, cold compress, reduce WT, improve hygiene, sodium cromglycate
What are the 4 key features of an orthoK lens? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > Flat central zone, reverse curve zone, peripheral aspheric
zone, bevel
, Describe a typical reverse geometry fit. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Central touch, mid peripheral clearance, peripheral alignment, edge lift
What should the ideal fitting profile of an ortho Ks be? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > 4-5mm diameter centrally flattened zone, concentric
regular steep zone, peripheral cornea with unchanged geometry
How is Horner's pupil diagnosed? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 4%
cocaine - no dilation with Horner's. Hydroxyamphetamine 1%
preganglionic lesion both pupils will dilate, post ganglionic lesion the
Horner's pupil won't dilate
What are causes of Horner's pupil? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Brainstem disease, spinal cord tumour, Pancoast tumour, carotid and
aortic aneurysms, neck lesions, cluster headaches, otitis media,
cavernous sinus mass, nasopharyngeal tumour
How is Adie's pupil diagnosed? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Pilocarpine
causes abnormal pupil to contract vigorously
What is the appearance of Adie's pupil? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Larger pupil initially and may be irregular, smaller over time 'Little Old
Adie'
