TNCC Pre course study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_frhb91
1. Why is it important to understand biomechanics as it relates to types of
energy forces and MOI?: Understanding how energy forces affect the human body is useful for better
anticipating effects of trauma on a person
2. What are common MOIs that result in trauma: blunt, penetrating, blast
3. What injuries are expected in each stage of a blast (explosion): Primary (direct blast
effects) - pulmonary barotrauma, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage/perforation, globe rupture,
mild TBI
Secondary (projectiles) - penetrating or blunt injuries, eye penetration
Tertiary (propulsion of body onto hard surface) - blunt/penetrating injury, fracture, traumatic amputation, closed/open
TBI
Quaternary (heat/fume/combustion) - burns, crush injury, asthma, COPD, angina, hyperglycemia, hypertension
Quinary (hazardous materials) - depends on agent (bacteria, radiation, chemical etc)
4. Why is it important to use a systemic approach to the initial assessment of a
trauma patient?: To maximize outcomes and reduce the risk of undiscovered injuries.
5. What is included in the preparation for a trauma patient?: Activate the Trauma Team
and assign roles
Prepare the room/equipment
Don PPE
Consider safety threats
Decontamination
6. What information is obtained in the general impression: overall status and identification
of hemorrhage; identify all life threatening injuries; APVU
7. What does the A-J mnemonic stand for?: A - airway/alertness
B - breathing/ventilation
C - circulation, control of hemorrhage
D - disability (neuro status)
E - exposure and environmental control
F - full set of vitals/family presence
G - get adjusts/give comfort
L - labs
M - monitor cardiac status
N - nasogastric/orogastric
, TNCC Pre course study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_frhb91
O - oxygenation
P - pain
H - history/head to toe
I - inspect posterior
J - just keep reevaluating
8. What does alertness include in airway assessment?: APVU
9. When an intervention is taken during the primary survey, what must the
nurse do after the intervention?: reassess
10. What are componants of secondary survey?: history
head to toe assessment
inspect posterior surfaces
reassessment
11. What should nurse reevaluate?: all aspects of the primary and secondary assessments
V - vitals
I - injuries/interventions
P - primary survey
P - pain
12. What are the differences in ventilation, diffusion and perfusion?: ventilation -
mechanical process of breathing
diffusion - movement of gases (higher to lower concentration)
perfusion - movement of blood through circulatory system
13. What are possible causes of airway obstruction in the trauma patient?: altered
consciousness - tongue falling posteriorly into oropharynx, blood/vomit/fluids unable to be cleared
maxillofacial trauma - edema, secretions, bleeding, dislodeged teeth/dentures
neck/larangeal trauma - vascular injuries resulting in hematomas
obese patients - increased fat deposition
14. What interventions address airway obstruction?: suction
jaw thrust
insert airway
, TNCC Pre course study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_frhb91
15. What is the difference between an airway adjunct and a definitive airway?: -
airway adjunct - work by stenting open the upper airway
- nasopharyngeal
- oropharyngeal (unresponsive/no gag reflex)
- extraglottic (Supra or Retro "king tube")
definitve airway - tube securely placed in the trachea with cuff inflated below vocal cords
-ett tube
16. What is the difference between normoxia and hyperoxia? Why does it mat-
ter?: normoxia - normal o2 in blood - Pa02 60-120
Hyperoxia -high o2 level in blood - Pa02 >120
too much o2 can contribute to poor outcomes
-lung damage
-“CO/‘vascular resistance
-CNS toxicity - twitching, blurred vision, convulsions etc
-increased mortality - especially in TBI, cardiac arrest, stroke, sepsis
17. What is the most common type of shock in trauma patients? What are possi-
ble interventions to manage uncontrolled external hemorrhage?: hypovolemic shock
- hemorrhage control (internal, external, burns)
- restore circulating volume
18. What are causes of obstructive shock?: hypoperfusion due to obstruction in either of the great
vessels of the heart resulting in “CO
-cardiac tamponade
-tension hemothorax
-tension pneumothorax
-venous air embolism
19. What types of shock may occur after a spinal cord injury where there is a loss
of sympathetic innervation below the level of injury?: distributive shock
- neurogenic shock resulting from loss of SNS control of vascular tone
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_frhb91
1. Why is it important to understand biomechanics as it relates to types of
energy forces and MOI?: Understanding how energy forces affect the human body is useful for better
anticipating effects of trauma on a person
2. What are common MOIs that result in trauma: blunt, penetrating, blast
3. What injuries are expected in each stage of a blast (explosion): Primary (direct blast
effects) - pulmonary barotrauma, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage/perforation, globe rupture,
mild TBI
Secondary (projectiles) - penetrating or blunt injuries, eye penetration
Tertiary (propulsion of body onto hard surface) - blunt/penetrating injury, fracture, traumatic amputation, closed/open
TBI
Quaternary (heat/fume/combustion) - burns, crush injury, asthma, COPD, angina, hyperglycemia, hypertension
Quinary (hazardous materials) - depends on agent (bacteria, radiation, chemical etc)
4. Why is it important to use a systemic approach to the initial assessment of a
trauma patient?: To maximize outcomes and reduce the risk of undiscovered injuries.
5. What is included in the preparation for a trauma patient?: Activate the Trauma Team
and assign roles
Prepare the room/equipment
Don PPE
Consider safety threats
Decontamination
6. What information is obtained in the general impression: overall status and identification
of hemorrhage; identify all life threatening injuries; APVU
7. What does the A-J mnemonic stand for?: A - airway/alertness
B - breathing/ventilation
C - circulation, control of hemorrhage
D - disability (neuro status)
E - exposure and environmental control
F - full set of vitals/family presence
G - get adjusts/give comfort
L - labs
M - monitor cardiac status
N - nasogastric/orogastric
, TNCC Pre course study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_frhb91
O - oxygenation
P - pain
H - history/head to toe
I - inspect posterior
J - just keep reevaluating
8. What does alertness include in airway assessment?: APVU
9. When an intervention is taken during the primary survey, what must the
nurse do after the intervention?: reassess
10. What are componants of secondary survey?: history
head to toe assessment
inspect posterior surfaces
reassessment
11. What should nurse reevaluate?: all aspects of the primary and secondary assessments
V - vitals
I - injuries/interventions
P - primary survey
P - pain
12. What are the differences in ventilation, diffusion and perfusion?: ventilation -
mechanical process of breathing
diffusion - movement of gases (higher to lower concentration)
perfusion - movement of blood through circulatory system
13. What are possible causes of airway obstruction in the trauma patient?: altered
consciousness - tongue falling posteriorly into oropharynx, blood/vomit/fluids unable to be cleared
maxillofacial trauma - edema, secretions, bleeding, dislodeged teeth/dentures
neck/larangeal trauma - vascular injuries resulting in hematomas
obese patients - increased fat deposition
14. What interventions address airway obstruction?: suction
jaw thrust
insert airway
, TNCC Pre course study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_frhb91
15. What is the difference between an airway adjunct and a definitive airway?: -
airway adjunct - work by stenting open the upper airway
- nasopharyngeal
- oropharyngeal (unresponsive/no gag reflex)
- extraglottic (Supra or Retro "king tube")
definitve airway - tube securely placed in the trachea with cuff inflated below vocal cords
-ett tube
16. What is the difference between normoxia and hyperoxia? Why does it mat-
ter?: normoxia - normal o2 in blood - Pa02 60-120
Hyperoxia -high o2 level in blood - Pa02 >120
too much o2 can contribute to poor outcomes
-lung damage
-“CO/‘vascular resistance
-CNS toxicity - twitching, blurred vision, convulsions etc
-increased mortality - especially in TBI, cardiac arrest, stroke, sepsis
17. What is the most common type of shock in trauma patients? What are possi-
ble interventions to manage uncontrolled external hemorrhage?: hypovolemic shock
- hemorrhage control (internal, external, burns)
- restore circulating volume
18. What are causes of obstructive shock?: hypoperfusion due to obstruction in either of the great
vessels of the heart resulting in “CO
-cardiac tamponade
-tension hemothorax
-tension pneumothorax
-venous air embolism
19. What types of shock may occur after a spinal cord injury where there is a loss
of sympathetic innervation below the level of injury?: distributive shock
- neurogenic shock resulting from loss of SNS control of vascular tone
