ACVPM – Comprehensive Guide for Preventive Medicine
Certification
Concentrated Animal Feeding Unit (CAFO) - correct answer ✔✔ USDA definition of CAFO:
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
intensive Animal Feeding Operation (AFO) in which over 1000 animal units are confined for over
45 days a year.
Animal unit: equivalent to 1000 pounds of "live" animal weight.
A thousand animal units equates to:
1000 cows
700 cows used for dairy purposes
2500 pigs weighing more than 55 lbs
125,000 chickens
82,000 egg laying hens or pullets
Brevetoxin - correct answer ✔✔ A group of similar neurotoxic compounds which are tasteless
and odorless. Although toxicity can result from inhalational, dermal, or oral exposure, the most
common route of exposure is by oral ingestion of contaminated shellfish. Illness from oral
ingestion is characterized by a combination of gastrointestinal and neurologic signs and
symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Neurologic signs and symptoms include paresthesias, reversal of hot and cold temperature
sensation, vertigo, and ataxia. Inhalational exposure may cause respiratory symptoms such as
cough, dyspnea and bronchospasm. This type of toxin can also cause illness in aquatic wildlife.
domoic acid - correct answer ✔✔ Potent neurotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms of
marine phytoplankton Pseudo-nitzschia.
Kainic acid-type neurotoxin (activates glutamate receptors) that causes amnesic shellfish
poisoning (ASP), produced by algae and accumulates in shellfish, sardines, and anchovies.
, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) - correct answer ✔✔ whiteleg shrimp
Penaeus vannamei in Texas
pirA and pirB toxin genes identical to those detected in other AHPND-causing Vibrio sp. / V.
parahaemolyticus
Marburg virus - correct answer ✔✔ Hemorrhagic filovirus endemic to central/south Africa,
reservoir is Egyptian fruit bat (rousettus aegyptiacus), humans often exposed within caves.
January 2020: discovered in Sierra Leone, 1st in W Africa, more widely distributed than prev
understood
viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb (VHSV IVb) - correct answer ✔✔ fish deaths, great lakes
Micropolyspora faeni and Termoactinomyces vulgaris - correct answer ✔✔ Bacteria commonly
assoc w Farmers Lung (also aspergillus mold)
African Swine Fever (ASF) - correct answer ✔✔ large DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family
infects ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, other bloodsucking insects may be able to transmit
mechanically.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis - correct answer ✔✔ Amphibian Chytrid Fungus,
Chytridiomycosis, tx itraconazole
Category A bioterrorism agents - correct answer ✔✔ Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin)
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Smallpox (variola major)
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Viral hemorrhagic fevers, includingFiloviruses (Ebola, Marburg)Arenaviruses (Lassa, Machupo)
Certification
Concentrated Animal Feeding Unit (CAFO) - correct answer ✔✔ USDA definition of CAFO:
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
intensive Animal Feeding Operation (AFO) in which over 1000 animal units are confined for over
45 days a year.
Animal unit: equivalent to 1000 pounds of "live" animal weight.
A thousand animal units equates to:
1000 cows
700 cows used for dairy purposes
2500 pigs weighing more than 55 lbs
125,000 chickens
82,000 egg laying hens or pullets
Brevetoxin - correct answer ✔✔ A group of similar neurotoxic compounds which are tasteless
and odorless. Although toxicity can result from inhalational, dermal, or oral exposure, the most
common route of exposure is by oral ingestion of contaminated shellfish. Illness from oral
ingestion is characterized by a combination of gastrointestinal and neurologic signs and
symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Neurologic signs and symptoms include paresthesias, reversal of hot and cold temperature
sensation, vertigo, and ataxia. Inhalational exposure may cause respiratory symptoms such as
cough, dyspnea and bronchospasm. This type of toxin can also cause illness in aquatic wildlife.
domoic acid - correct answer ✔✔ Potent neurotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms of
marine phytoplankton Pseudo-nitzschia.
Kainic acid-type neurotoxin (activates glutamate receptors) that causes amnesic shellfish
poisoning (ASP), produced by algae and accumulates in shellfish, sardines, and anchovies.
, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) - correct answer ✔✔ whiteleg shrimp
Penaeus vannamei in Texas
pirA and pirB toxin genes identical to those detected in other AHPND-causing Vibrio sp. / V.
parahaemolyticus
Marburg virus - correct answer ✔✔ Hemorrhagic filovirus endemic to central/south Africa,
reservoir is Egyptian fruit bat (rousettus aegyptiacus), humans often exposed within caves.
January 2020: discovered in Sierra Leone, 1st in W Africa, more widely distributed than prev
understood
viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb (VHSV IVb) - correct answer ✔✔ fish deaths, great lakes
Micropolyspora faeni and Termoactinomyces vulgaris - correct answer ✔✔ Bacteria commonly
assoc w Farmers Lung (also aspergillus mold)
African Swine Fever (ASF) - correct answer ✔✔ large DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family
infects ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, other bloodsucking insects may be able to transmit
mechanically.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis - correct answer ✔✔ Amphibian Chytrid Fungus,
Chytridiomycosis, tx itraconazole
Category A bioterrorism agents - correct answer ✔✔ Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin)
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Smallpox (variola major)
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Viral hemorrhagic fevers, includingFiloviruses (Ebola, Marburg)Arenaviruses (Lassa, Machupo)
