TEST BANK
=
,Chapter=1:=Cell=Adaptation,=Injury=and=Death
Ischemia=and=other=toxic=injuries=increase=the=accumulation=of=intracellular=calcium=as=a=result=of
1. :
A) release=of=stored=calcium=from=the=mitochondria.
B) improved=intracellular=volume=regulation.
C) decreased=influx=across=the=cell=membrane.
D) attraction=of=calcium=to=fatty=infiltrates.
The=patient=is=found=to=have=liver=disease,=resulting=in=the=removal=of=a=lobe=of=his=liver.=Ada
2. ptation=to=the=reduced=size=of=the=liver=leads=to= of=the=remaining=liver=cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ=atrophy
C) compensatory=hyperplasia
= = D) physiologic=hypertrophy
A=person=eating=peanuts=starts=choking=and=collapses.=His=airway=obstruction=is=partially=
cleared,=but=he=remains=hypoxic=until=he=reaches=the=hospital.=The=prolonged=cell=hypoxia=
3. caused=a=cerebral=infarction=and=resulting= in=the=brain.
A) caspase=activation
B) coagulation=necrosis
C) rapid=phagocytosis
D) protein=p53=deficiency
Bacteria=and=viruses=cause=cell=damage=by=
4. ,=which=is=unique=from=the=intracellular=
damage=caused=by=other=injurious=agents.
A) disrupting=the=sodium/potassium=ATPase=pump
B) interrupting=oxidative=metabolism=processes
= = C) replicating=and=producing=continued=injury
D) decreasing=protein=synthesis=and=function
The=patient=has=a=prolonged=interruption=in=arterial=blood=flow=to=his=left=kidney,=causing=hypoxi
5. c=cell=injury=and=the=release=of=free=radicals.=Free=radicals=damage=cells=by:
A) destroying=phospholipids=in=the=cell=membrane.
B) altering=the=immune=response=of=the=cell.
C) disrupting=calcium=storage=in=the=cell.
D) inactivation=of=enzymes=and=mitochondria.
6. Injured=cells=have=impaired=flow=of=substances=through=the=cell=membrane=as=a=result=of:
, A) increased=fat=load.
B) altered=permeability.
C) altered=glucose=utilization.
D) increased=surface=receptors.
7. Reversible=adaptive=intracellular=responses=are=initiated=by:
A) stimulus=overload.
B) genetic=mutations.
C) chemical=messengers.
D) mitochondrial=DNA.
8. Injured=cells=become=very=swollen=as=a=result=of:
A) increased=cell=protein=synthesis.
B) altered=cell=volume=regulation.
C) passive=entry=of=potassium=into=the=cell.
D) bleb=formation=in=the=plasma=membrane.
A=diabetic=patient=has=impaired=sensation,=circulation,=and=oxygenation=of=his=feet.=He=steps=on=
a=piece=of=glass,=the=wound=does=not=heal,=and=the=area=tissue=becomes=necrotic.=The=necrotic=c
9. ell=death=is=characterized=by:
A) rapid=apoptosis.
B) cellular=rupture.
C) shrinkage=and=collapse.
D) chronic=inflammation.
A=99-year-
10. old=woman=has=experienced=the=decline=of=cell=function=associated=with=age.=A=group=of=theori
es=of=cellular=aging=focus=on=programmed:
A) changes=with=genetic=influences.
B) elimination=of=cell=receptor=sites.
C) insufficient=telomerase=enzyme.
= = D) DNA=mutation=or=faulty=repair.
An=89-year-
old=female=patient=has=experienced=significant=decreases=in=her=mobility=and=stamina=during=a=
3-week=hospital=stay=for=the=treatment=of=a=femoral=head=fracture.=Which=of
11. the=following=phenomena=most=likely=accounts=for=the=patients=decrease=in=muscle=function=th
at=underlies=her=reduced=mobility?
A) Impaired=muscle=cell=metabolism=resulting=from=metaplasia
B) Dysplasia=as=a=consequence=of=inflammation=during=bone=remodeling
, C) Disuse=atrophy=of=muscle=cells=during=a=prolonged=period=of=immobility
D) Ischemic=atrophy=resulting=from=vascular=changes=while=on=bedrest
A=20-year-
old=college=student=has=presented=to=her=campus=medical=clinic=for=a=scheduled=Papanicolaou=(P
12. ap)=smear.=The=clinician=who=will=interpret=the=smear=will=examine=cell=samples=for=evidence=o
f:
A) changes=in=cell=shape,=size,=and=organization.
B) the=presence=of=unexpected=cell=types.
= = C) ischemic=changes=in=cell=samples.
D) abnormally=high=numbers=of=cells=in=a=specified=field.
Which=of=the=following=pathophysiologic=processes=is=most=likely=to=result=in=metastatic=calcific
= = 13. ation?
A) Benign=prostatic=hyperplasia
B) Liver=cirrhosis
C) Impaired=glycogen=metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite=the=low=levels=of=radiation=used=in=contemporary=radiologic=imaging,=a=radiology=techn
ician=is=aware=of=the=need=to=minimize=her=exposure=to=ionizing=radiation.=What=is=the=primary=r
14. ationale=for=the=technicians=precautions?
A) Radiation=stimulates=pathologic=cell=hypertrophy=and=hyperplasia.
B) Radiation=results=in=the=accumulation=of=endogenous=waste=products=in=the=cytoplasm.
C) Radiation=interferes=with=DNA=synthesis=and=mitosis.
D) Radiation=decreases=the=action=potential=of=rapidly=dividing=cells.
The=parents=of=a=4-year-
old=girl=have=sought=care=because=their=daughter=has=admitted=to=chewing=and=swallowing=impo
15. rted=toy=figurines=that=have=been=determined=to=be=made=of=lead.=Which=of=the=following=blood=t
ests=should=the=care=team=prioritize?
= = A) White=blood=cell=levels=with=differential
B) Red=blood=cell=levels=and=morphology
C) Urea=and=creatinine=levels
D) Liver=function=panel
A=70-year-old=male=patient=has=been=admitted=to=a=hospital=for=the=treatment=of=a=recent
hemorrhagic=stroke=that=has=left=him=with=numerous=motor=and=sensory=deficits.=These=deficits=a
16. re=most=likely=the=result=of=which=of=the=following=mechanisms=of=cell=injury?
A) Free=radical=injury
B) Hypoxia=and=ATP=depletion
=
,Chapter=1:=Cell=Adaptation,=Injury=and=Death
Ischemia=and=other=toxic=injuries=increase=the=accumulation=of=intracellular=calcium=as=a=result=of
1. :
A) release=of=stored=calcium=from=the=mitochondria.
B) improved=intracellular=volume=regulation.
C) decreased=influx=across=the=cell=membrane.
D) attraction=of=calcium=to=fatty=infiltrates.
The=patient=is=found=to=have=liver=disease,=resulting=in=the=removal=of=a=lobe=of=his=liver.=Ada
2. ptation=to=the=reduced=size=of=the=liver=leads=to= of=the=remaining=liver=cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ=atrophy
C) compensatory=hyperplasia
= = D) physiologic=hypertrophy
A=person=eating=peanuts=starts=choking=and=collapses.=His=airway=obstruction=is=partially=
cleared,=but=he=remains=hypoxic=until=he=reaches=the=hospital.=The=prolonged=cell=hypoxia=
3. caused=a=cerebral=infarction=and=resulting= in=the=brain.
A) caspase=activation
B) coagulation=necrosis
C) rapid=phagocytosis
D) protein=p53=deficiency
Bacteria=and=viruses=cause=cell=damage=by=
4. ,=which=is=unique=from=the=intracellular=
damage=caused=by=other=injurious=agents.
A) disrupting=the=sodium/potassium=ATPase=pump
B) interrupting=oxidative=metabolism=processes
= = C) replicating=and=producing=continued=injury
D) decreasing=protein=synthesis=and=function
The=patient=has=a=prolonged=interruption=in=arterial=blood=flow=to=his=left=kidney,=causing=hypoxi
5. c=cell=injury=and=the=release=of=free=radicals.=Free=radicals=damage=cells=by:
A) destroying=phospholipids=in=the=cell=membrane.
B) altering=the=immune=response=of=the=cell.
C) disrupting=calcium=storage=in=the=cell.
D) inactivation=of=enzymes=and=mitochondria.
6. Injured=cells=have=impaired=flow=of=substances=through=the=cell=membrane=as=a=result=of:
, A) increased=fat=load.
B) altered=permeability.
C) altered=glucose=utilization.
D) increased=surface=receptors.
7. Reversible=adaptive=intracellular=responses=are=initiated=by:
A) stimulus=overload.
B) genetic=mutations.
C) chemical=messengers.
D) mitochondrial=DNA.
8. Injured=cells=become=very=swollen=as=a=result=of:
A) increased=cell=protein=synthesis.
B) altered=cell=volume=regulation.
C) passive=entry=of=potassium=into=the=cell.
D) bleb=formation=in=the=plasma=membrane.
A=diabetic=patient=has=impaired=sensation,=circulation,=and=oxygenation=of=his=feet.=He=steps=on=
a=piece=of=glass,=the=wound=does=not=heal,=and=the=area=tissue=becomes=necrotic.=The=necrotic=c
9. ell=death=is=characterized=by:
A) rapid=apoptosis.
B) cellular=rupture.
C) shrinkage=and=collapse.
D) chronic=inflammation.
A=99-year-
10. old=woman=has=experienced=the=decline=of=cell=function=associated=with=age.=A=group=of=theori
es=of=cellular=aging=focus=on=programmed:
A) changes=with=genetic=influences.
B) elimination=of=cell=receptor=sites.
C) insufficient=telomerase=enzyme.
= = D) DNA=mutation=or=faulty=repair.
An=89-year-
old=female=patient=has=experienced=significant=decreases=in=her=mobility=and=stamina=during=a=
3-week=hospital=stay=for=the=treatment=of=a=femoral=head=fracture.=Which=of
11. the=following=phenomena=most=likely=accounts=for=the=patients=decrease=in=muscle=function=th
at=underlies=her=reduced=mobility?
A) Impaired=muscle=cell=metabolism=resulting=from=metaplasia
B) Dysplasia=as=a=consequence=of=inflammation=during=bone=remodeling
, C) Disuse=atrophy=of=muscle=cells=during=a=prolonged=period=of=immobility
D) Ischemic=atrophy=resulting=from=vascular=changes=while=on=bedrest
A=20-year-
old=college=student=has=presented=to=her=campus=medical=clinic=for=a=scheduled=Papanicolaou=(P
12. ap)=smear.=The=clinician=who=will=interpret=the=smear=will=examine=cell=samples=for=evidence=o
f:
A) changes=in=cell=shape,=size,=and=organization.
B) the=presence=of=unexpected=cell=types.
= = C) ischemic=changes=in=cell=samples.
D) abnormally=high=numbers=of=cells=in=a=specified=field.
Which=of=the=following=pathophysiologic=processes=is=most=likely=to=result=in=metastatic=calcific
= = 13. ation?
A) Benign=prostatic=hyperplasia
B) Liver=cirrhosis
C) Impaired=glycogen=metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite=the=low=levels=of=radiation=used=in=contemporary=radiologic=imaging,=a=radiology=techn
ician=is=aware=of=the=need=to=minimize=her=exposure=to=ionizing=radiation.=What=is=the=primary=r
14. ationale=for=the=technicians=precautions?
A) Radiation=stimulates=pathologic=cell=hypertrophy=and=hyperplasia.
B) Radiation=results=in=the=accumulation=of=endogenous=waste=products=in=the=cytoplasm.
C) Radiation=interferes=with=DNA=synthesis=and=mitosis.
D) Radiation=decreases=the=action=potential=of=rapidly=dividing=cells.
The=parents=of=a=4-year-
old=girl=have=sought=care=because=their=daughter=has=admitted=to=chewing=and=swallowing=impo
15. rted=toy=figurines=that=have=been=determined=to=be=made=of=lead.=Which=of=the=following=blood=t
ests=should=the=care=team=prioritize?
= = A) White=blood=cell=levels=with=differential
B) Red=blood=cell=levels=and=morphology
C) Urea=and=creatinine=levels
D) Liver=function=panel
A=70-year-old=male=patient=has=been=admitted=to=a=hospital=for=the=treatment=of=a=recent
hemorrhagic=stroke=that=has=left=him=with=numerous=motor=and=sensory=deficits.=These=deficits=a
16. re=most=likely=the=result=of=which=of=the=following=mechanisms=of=cell=injury?
A) Free=radical=injury
B) Hypoxia=and=ATP=depletion
