BIOD 101 Exam Study Guide | Biology
Questions & Detailed Answers |100%
Verified |Graded A+ Updated
What is matter and what states can it exist in?
Correct Answer
Matter is anything that takes up space, by having volume, and has mass. Can
exist in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state.
Explain the difference between essential and trace elements
Correct Answer
Essential elements are required for human life. Trace elements are only
required in small quantities
Describe an ionic bond
Correct Answer
formed when ions of molecules of opposite charge are attracted to one another
Describe a covalent bond
Correct Answer
formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms to complete the
valence shells of both
Describe a hydrogen bond
Correct Answer
formed by electrostatic interactions between molecules- relatively weak and
breaks easily
True or False: Anions are positive charged ions whereas cations are negatively
charged ions.
,Correct Answer
False: cations are positively charged ions whereas anions are negatively
charged ions
Which of the following is not one of the organic compounds that make up a
biomacromolecule; lipids, proteins, ribosomes, or carbohydrates
Correct Answer
Ribosomes
What are carbohydrates?
Correct Answer
Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for organisms and have the same
three elements in their structure; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Why are lipids unique among the biomacromolecules?
Correct Answer
They are unique because most of them are insoluble in water. Lipids also are not
monomers and instead are assembled from smaller molecules that are
chemically linked together
Why are lipids insoluble in water?
Correct Answer
Lipids are insoluble in water because they are made of non polar hydrocarbon
chains. Water is polar meaning that it can only dissolve other polar or ionically
bonded substances.
How are phospholipids arranged?
Correct Answer
Phospholipids are made up of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
Name the functions of proteins as mentioned in the module
Correct Answer
Can act as enzymes and regulate metabolic functions, store amino acids, act as
hormones, form antibodies for immunological defense, act as carriers for
transport and the formation of membrane channels, form cell surface receptors
, to receive chemical messages, and act as structural molecules for support and
movement
How does the shape of a protein influence its function?
Correct Answer
Depending on the shape of a protein, it may have the ability to perform a variety
of functions.
What are the roles of the two major types of nucleic acids?
Correct Answer
DNA contains hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable
characteristics of living organisms
RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using
it to synthesize proteins
Describe the structure of DNA and RNA
Correct Answer
DNA and RNA present themselves as chains of nucleotides. RNA is most
commonly a single chain of nucleotides whereas DNA is a double chain held
together by hydrogen bonds between bases
What are some main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Correct Answer
Prokaryotic: considered simple cells and are defined by size, non-enclosed
genetic material, and a lack of organelles
Eukaryotic: cells more complex, larger in size, possess a nuclear membrane,
and contain membrane bound organelles
What organelles of the cells are complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that
assemble proteins?
Correct Answer
Ribosomes
What three types of protein fibers make up the cytoskeleton
Correct Answer
Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments
Questions & Detailed Answers |100%
Verified |Graded A+ Updated
What is matter and what states can it exist in?
Correct Answer
Matter is anything that takes up space, by having volume, and has mass. Can
exist in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state.
Explain the difference between essential and trace elements
Correct Answer
Essential elements are required for human life. Trace elements are only
required in small quantities
Describe an ionic bond
Correct Answer
formed when ions of molecules of opposite charge are attracted to one another
Describe a covalent bond
Correct Answer
formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms to complete the
valence shells of both
Describe a hydrogen bond
Correct Answer
formed by electrostatic interactions between molecules- relatively weak and
breaks easily
True or False: Anions are positive charged ions whereas cations are negatively
charged ions.
,Correct Answer
False: cations are positively charged ions whereas anions are negatively
charged ions
Which of the following is not one of the organic compounds that make up a
biomacromolecule; lipids, proteins, ribosomes, or carbohydrates
Correct Answer
Ribosomes
What are carbohydrates?
Correct Answer
Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for organisms and have the same
three elements in their structure; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Why are lipids unique among the biomacromolecules?
Correct Answer
They are unique because most of them are insoluble in water. Lipids also are not
monomers and instead are assembled from smaller molecules that are
chemically linked together
Why are lipids insoluble in water?
Correct Answer
Lipids are insoluble in water because they are made of non polar hydrocarbon
chains. Water is polar meaning that it can only dissolve other polar or ionically
bonded substances.
How are phospholipids arranged?
Correct Answer
Phospholipids are made up of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
Name the functions of proteins as mentioned in the module
Correct Answer
Can act as enzymes and regulate metabolic functions, store amino acids, act as
hormones, form antibodies for immunological defense, act as carriers for
transport and the formation of membrane channels, form cell surface receptors
, to receive chemical messages, and act as structural molecules for support and
movement
How does the shape of a protein influence its function?
Correct Answer
Depending on the shape of a protein, it may have the ability to perform a variety
of functions.
What are the roles of the two major types of nucleic acids?
Correct Answer
DNA contains hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable
characteristics of living organisms
RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using
it to synthesize proteins
Describe the structure of DNA and RNA
Correct Answer
DNA and RNA present themselves as chains of nucleotides. RNA is most
commonly a single chain of nucleotides whereas DNA is a double chain held
together by hydrogen bonds between bases
What are some main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Correct Answer
Prokaryotic: considered simple cells and are defined by size, non-enclosed
genetic material, and a lack of organelles
Eukaryotic: cells more complex, larger in size, possess a nuclear membrane,
and contain membrane bound organelles
What organelles of the cells are complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that
assemble proteins?
Correct Answer
Ribosomes
What three types of protein fibers make up the cytoskeleton
Correct Answer
Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments
