Comprehensive Respiratory, Pharmacologic, and Laboratory Assessment Examination: Bronchodilators Steroids Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors Airway Inflammation Asthma COPD Pharmacodynamics Side Effects Nursing Considerations ABG Interpretation Electrolytes Hema

Comprehensive Respiratory, Pharmacologic, and Laboratory Assessment Examination: Bronchodilators Steroids Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors Airway Inflammation Asthma COPD Pharmacodynamics Side Effects Nursing Considerations ABG Interpretation Electrolytes Hematology WBC Hemoglobin Platelets Potassium Sodium BUN Creatinine Albumin Acid-Base Disorders Acidotic Alkalotic Responses Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 What is a the mechanism of action for a bronchodilator? When the beta-2 receptor is activated, the smooth muscle of the airway relaxes. Subsequently, the patient experiences better airflow for a period. What are side effects of a bronchodilator? (7) - Trembling - Headache - Dry mouth - Palpitations - Muscle cramps - Cough - N/V/D What are nursing considerations for bronchodilators? (2) - Relieve GI upset - Admin. with food or milk What are examples of bronchodilators? (3) - Albuterol - Terbutaline sulfate - Salmeterol What is the mechanism of action for a bronchodilator & steroid combo? To treat symptoms of asthma or COPD such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The steroid lowers swelling in the breathing passages and lungs. The bronchodilator opens up the air passages of the lungs to make it easier to get air in and out of the lungs What are side effects of a bronchodilator & steroid combo? (8) - Upper respiratory infection - Throat irritation - Headache - Dizziness - N/V - Breathing problems - Increased BP - Chest pain What are nursing considerations for a bronchodilator & steroid combo? (4) - Not rescue medicine - If you miss a dose, take double at one time - Long term use can cause osteoporosis - Will harm fetus What is an example of a bronchodilator & steroid combo? Fluticasone-Salmeterol What is the mechanism of action for inhaled steroids? Suppress airway inflammation, which is responsible for asthma-associated changes of the airway vasculature. What are side effects of inhaled steroids? (8) - Acne - Blurred vision - Water retention - Increased appetite/weight gain - Stomach irritation - Difficulty sleeping - Mood changes - Glaucoma What are nursing considerations for inhaled steroids? (3) - Not for immediate relief - Oral care - Monitor for s/s of infection What are examples of inhaled steroids? (2) - Triamcinalone - Fluticasone What is the mechanism of action for steroids? Decreases inflammation via suppression of the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversing increased capillary permeability. It also suppresses the immune system by reducing the activity and the volume of the immune system. What are side effects of steroids? (8) - Acne - Blurred vision - Glaucoma - Easy bruising - Difficulty sleeping - High BP - Weight gain - Increased growth of body hair What are nursing considerations for steroids? (3) - Not for immediate relief - Oral care - Monitor s/s of infection What is the normal value for WBC? 5,000-10,000 What is the clinical significance of WBC? Can detect hidden infections within body, alerts dr for underlying conditions and tells us how effective chemo or radiation is in treatment What are nursing interventions for increased WBC? (7) - Assess for s/s of infection (elevated temp, chills) - Assess for source of infection - Provide adequate rest - Nutrition - Fluids - Obtain cultu