EXPH 101 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Physical Activity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅body movement produced by muscle action that increases
energy expenditure
Exercise - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful physical activity, done
to improve and/or maintain components of physical fitness
Exercise Training - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅planned, structured, repetitive and purposeful physical
activity with the intent to improve a specific aspect of fitness (aerobic capacity, force production, speed,
etc.)
Rehabilitation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅interventions designed to optimize and/or restore "health" in
individuals with health conditions or injuries
Two major parts of human nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Central Nervous System (CNS) and
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Central Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅consisting of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅consisting of nerves that transmit information to
and from the CNS
Neuromuscular System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅coordination and integration of the muscles of the body
together with the nerves that supply them, how the nervous system adapts for different movements
How is the neuromuscular system affected by exercise? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅exercise training
induces adaptations in all sections of the neuromuscular system, beginning in the higher brain centers
and continuing down to the level of individual fibers
Motor Unit - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅consists of the alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it
innervates and is the FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF MOVEMENT. Each muscle fiber generally only receives input
from one motor neuron, but a motor neuron may innervate many muscle fibers
, Complex Learned Movements - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the effective application of force during complex
learned movements depends on a series or coordinated neuromuscular patterns, not just on muscle
strength. Practicing certain movements makes neurons more efficient at what you want them to do
Skeletal Muscle Fiber - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle fibers are elongated and multi-nucleated, allows
each nucleus to transcriptionally control only that portion of the fiber, nuclei resides under the muscle
fiber membrane, NOT IN THE MIDDLE
What is the structure of muscle "cells" (muscle fibers) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅whole muscle -> muscle
fiber -> sarcomere -> muscle proteins
What produces muscle contractions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅actin and myosin
Sliding Filament Theory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle contracts when the 2 filaments (actin and
myosin) slide past each other, actin and myosin do not change size they move and as they move the
sarcomere changes size, myosin is a motor protein that uses ATP and interacts with Actin.
What are longer muscles better for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅velocity and range of motion
What are shorter muscles better for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅run at angle, more force production and
power production
Force-Velocity Relationship - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅max isometric force results in no more movement
Force Velocity Curve - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅maximum force for strength, mix of force and velocity for
power, maximum velocity for speed
Slow Twitch Vs. Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅endurance athletes possess
predominantly slow twitch fibers, anaerobic athletes possess predominantly fast twitch fibers.
Untrained individuals possess 45-55% slow twitch fibers in arms and legs, no major gender different but
an individual is traditionally consistent in their muscle fiber type, men typically have larger muscle fibers
and larger total muscle mass
Physical Activity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅body movement produced by muscle action that increases
energy expenditure
Exercise - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful physical activity, done
to improve and/or maintain components of physical fitness
Exercise Training - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅planned, structured, repetitive and purposeful physical
activity with the intent to improve a specific aspect of fitness (aerobic capacity, force production, speed,
etc.)
Rehabilitation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅interventions designed to optimize and/or restore "health" in
individuals with health conditions or injuries
Two major parts of human nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Central Nervous System (CNS) and
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Central Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅consisting of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅consisting of nerves that transmit information to
and from the CNS
Neuromuscular System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅coordination and integration of the muscles of the body
together with the nerves that supply them, how the nervous system adapts for different movements
How is the neuromuscular system affected by exercise? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅exercise training
induces adaptations in all sections of the neuromuscular system, beginning in the higher brain centers
and continuing down to the level of individual fibers
Motor Unit - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅consists of the alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it
innervates and is the FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF MOVEMENT. Each muscle fiber generally only receives input
from one motor neuron, but a motor neuron may innervate many muscle fibers
, Complex Learned Movements - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the effective application of force during complex
learned movements depends on a series or coordinated neuromuscular patterns, not just on muscle
strength. Practicing certain movements makes neurons more efficient at what you want them to do
Skeletal Muscle Fiber - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle fibers are elongated and multi-nucleated, allows
each nucleus to transcriptionally control only that portion of the fiber, nuclei resides under the muscle
fiber membrane, NOT IN THE MIDDLE
What is the structure of muscle "cells" (muscle fibers) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅whole muscle -> muscle
fiber -> sarcomere -> muscle proteins
What produces muscle contractions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅actin and myosin
Sliding Filament Theory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅muscle contracts when the 2 filaments (actin and
myosin) slide past each other, actin and myosin do not change size they move and as they move the
sarcomere changes size, myosin is a motor protein that uses ATP and interacts with Actin.
What are longer muscles better for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅velocity and range of motion
What are shorter muscles better for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅run at angle, more force production and
power production
Force-Velocity Relationship - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅max isometric force results in no more movement
Force Velocity Curve - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅maximum force for strength, mix of force and velocity for
power, maximum velocity for speed
Slow Twitch Vs. Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅endurance athletes possess
predominantly slow twitch fibers, anaerobic athletes possess predominantly fast twitch fibers.
Untrained individuals possess 45-55% slow twitch fibers in arms and legs, no major gender different but
an individual is traditionally consistent in their muscle fiber type, men typically have larger muscle fibers
and larger total muscle mass
