NU 673 Midterm Exam – Questions With Right Solutions
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WSC 2026: Are we there yet? SS10 Nationalism FRE L4
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Terms in this set (216)
This consists of aggregations of neuro- nal A. Gray matter
cell bodies. It rims the surfaces of the - Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig.
cerebral hemispheres, forming the cerebral 17-2). These include the basal ganglia, which affect movement,
cortex and the thalamus and the hypothala- mus structures in the
A. Gray matter diencephalon. The thalamus processes sensory impulses and
B. White matter relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis (Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure.
The hypothalamus affects the endocrine system and governs
emotional behaviors such as anger and sexual drive.
Hormones secreted in the hypothalamus act directly on the
pitu- itary gland. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
This consists of neuronal axons that are B. White matter
coated with myelin. The myelin sheaths, - The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where
which create the white color, allow nerve myelinated fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral
impulses to travel more rapidly. cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem, which
A. Gray matter connects the upper part of the brain with the spinal cord, has
B. White matter three sec- tions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla.
(Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
Consciousness relies on the interaction A. Reticular activating system
between intact cerebral hemispheres and a - Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact
structure in the diencephalon and upper cerebral hemispheres and a structure in the diencephalon and
brainstem upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal) system.
A. Reticular activating system - The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain,
B. Cerebellum coordinates all movement and helps maintain the body
upright in space. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
,Determine how many segements of the ff A. Cervical C1-C8
A. Cervical B. Thoracic T1-T12
B. Thoracic C. Lumbar L1-L5
C. Lumbar D. Sacral S1-S5
D. Sacral
This regulates muscle movements and A. Somatic
response to the sensations of touch and - The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs
pain and periph- eral nerves that project to the heart, visceral
A. Somatic organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous
B. Autonomic system, which regulates muscle move- ments and response to
the sensations of touch and pain, and the autonomic nervous
system that connects to internal organs and gener- ates
autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic nervous system
consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which "mobilizes
organs and their functions during times of stress and arousal,
and the para- sympathetic nervous system, which conserves
energy and resources during times of rest and relaxation."5
(Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves A. Cervical- 8
A. Cervical B. Thoracic- 12
B. Thoracic C. Lumbar- 5
C. Lumbar D. Sacral- 5
D. Sacral E. Coccygeal- 1
E. Coccygeal - The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry
impulses to and from the cord. A total of 31 pairs of spinal
nerves attach to the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5
lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior
(ventral) root containing motor fibers, and a posterior (dorsal)
root containing sensory fibers. The anterior and posterior
roots merge to form a short spinal nerve, <5 mm long. Spinal
nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from other levels in
plexuses outside the cord, from which peripheral nerves
emerge. Most peripheral nerves contain both sensory
(afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
Determine the Cranial Nerve: XII Hypoglossal motor tongue
Oflactory: sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
I. IX
J. X
K. Xi
L. XII
,Determine the Cranial Nerve: A. II
Optic: vision
A. II
B. I
C. III
D. IV
E. VI
F. V
G. VIII
H. VII
I. IX
J. XI
K. X
L. XII
This mediate voluntary movement and A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract
integrate skilled, complicated, or delicate - The corticospinal (pyramidal) tract. The corticospinal tracts
movements by stim- ulating selected mediate voluntary movement and integrate skilled,
muscular actions and inhibiting others. They complicated, or delicate movements by stim- ulating selected
also carry impulses that inhibit muscle tone, muscular actions and inhibiting others. They also carry
the slight tension maintained by normal impulses that inhibit muscle tone, the slight tension maintained
muscle even when it is relaxed. (Bickley) by normal muscle even when it is relaxed. The corticospinal
A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract tracts originate in the motor cortex of the brain (Fig. 17-6).
B. Basal Ganglia Motor fibers travel down into the lower medulla, where they
C. Cerebellar system form an anatomical structure resembling a pyramid.
- There, most of these fibers cross to the opposite or
contralateral side of the medulla, continue downward, and
synapse with anterior horn cells or with intermediate neurons.
Tracts synapsing in the brainstem with motor nuclei of the CNs
are termed corticobulbar.
● The basal ganglia system. This exceedingly complex system
includes motor pathways between the cerebral cortex, basal
ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord. It helps to maintain
muscle tone and to control body movements, espe- cially
gross automatic movements such as walking.
● The cerebellar system. The cerebellum receives both
sensory and motor input and coordinates motor activity,
maintains equilibrium, and helps to control posture. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
When upper motor neuron systems are B. Contralateral & C. Exaggerated reflex
damaged above their crossover in the - When upper motor neuron systems are dam- aged above
medulla, motor impairment develops on and their crossover in the medulla, motor impairment develops on
becomes (STA) the opposite or contralateral side. In damage below the
A. Ipsilateral crossover, motor impairment occurs on the same or ipsi-
B. Contralateral lateral side of the body (Bickley)
C. Exaggerated reflex - slow- ness or lack of spontaneous and automatic
D. Lack of reflex movements termed bradykinesia, and various involuntary
movements. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
, Determine the location of the spinal nerve
A. Ankle
B. Knee
C. Brachioradialis
D. Bicep
E. Tricep reflex
Identify the presentation A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
A. classically presents as "the worst B. Meningitis
headache of my life" with instantaneous C. Brain tumor
onset D. Migraine
B. Severe headache and stiff neck
C. Dull headache increased by coughing
and sneezing, especially when recurring in
the same location
D. headache is often preceded by an aura
or prodrome, and is highly likely if three of
the five "POUND" features are present:
Pulsatile or throbbing; One- day duration, or
lasts 4 to 72 hours if untreated; Unilateral;
Nausea or vomit- ing; Disabling or intensity
causing inter- ruption of daily activit
(Bickley)
Identify A. pre- syncope from vasovagal stimulation, orthostatic
A. Feeling light-headed, weak in the legs, or hypotension, arrhythmia, or side effects from blood pressure
about to faint points t o and other medications. (Bickley)
B. often reflects vestibular dis- ease, usually B. Vertigo, Benign positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, or Ménière
from peripheral causes in the inner ear disease
C. ataxia, diplopia, and dysarthria are C. Vertebrobasilar TIA or stroke. Also consider posterior fossa
suspicious for (Bickley) tumor and migraine with brainstem aura. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
identification A. TIA or Stoke
A. Abrupt onset of motor and sensory B. Guillan-Barre
deficits occurs in c. metastatic spinal cord tumors. (Bickley)
B. Progressive subacute onset of lower D. M,yopathies
extremity weakness E. occurs in myopathies from alcohol, drugs like
C. Chronic, more gradual, onset of lower glucocorticoids, and inflammatory muscle disorders like
extremity weakness occurs in polymyositis and dermatomyositis
D. Focal or asymmetric weakness has both F. Myasthenia Gravis
central (ischemic, thrombotic, or mass G. Polyneuropathy
lesions) and peripheral
E. Proximal limb weakness, when sym-
metric with intact sensation
F. proximal typically asymmetric weakness
that gets worse with effort (fatigability),
often with associated bulbar symptoms such
as diplopia, ptosis, dysarthria, and
dysphagia
G. Bilateral predominantly distal weak- ness,
often with sensory loss
Save
Students also studied
WSC 2026: Are we there yet? SS10 Nationalism FRE L4
Teacher 156 terms Teacher 25 terms Teacher 421 terms
Amy_Woodall4 Preview Alicia_Zents Preview CoreGlossaries
Terms in this set (216)
This consists of aggregations of neuro- nal A. Gray matter
cell bodies. It rims the surfaces of the - Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig.
cerebral hemispheres, forming the cerebral 17-2). These include the basal ganglia, which affect movement,
cortex and the thalamus and the hypothala- mus structures in the
A. Gray matter diencephalon. The thalamus processes sensory impulses and
B. White matter relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis (Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure.
The hypothalamus affects the endocrine system and governs
emotional behaviors such as anger and sexual drive.
Hormones secreted in the hypothalamus act directly on the
pitu- itary gland. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
This consists of neuronal axons that are B. White matter
coated with myelin. The myelin sheaths, - The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where
which create the white color, allow nerve myelinated fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral
impulses to travel more rapidly. cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem, which
A. Gray matter connects the upper part of the brain with the spinal cord, has
B. White matter three sec- tions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla.
(Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
Consciousness relies on the interaction A. Reticular activating system
between intact cerebral hemispheres and a - Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact
structure in the diencephalon and upper cerebral hemispheres and a structure in the diencephalon and
brainstem upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal) system.
A. Reticular activating system - The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain,
B. Cerebellum coordinates all movement and helps maintain the body
upright in space. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
,Determine how many segements of the ff A. Cervical C1-C8
A. Cervical B. Thoracic T1-T12
B. Thoracic C. Lumbar L1-L5
C. Lumbar D. Sacral S1-S5
D. Sacral
This regulates muscle movements and A. Somatic
response to the sensations of touch and - The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs
pain and periph- eral nerves that project to the heart, visceral
A. Somatic organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous
B. Autonomic system, which regulates muscle move- ments and response to
the sensations of touch and pain, and the autonomic nervous
system that connects to internal organs and gener- ates
autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic nervous system
consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which "mobilizes
organs and their functions during times of stress and arousal,
and the para- sympathetic nervous system, which conserves
energy and resources during times of rest and relaxation."5
(Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves A. Cervical- 8
A. Cervical B. Thoracic- 12
B. Thoracic C. Lumbar- 5
C. Lumbar D. Sacral- 5
D. Sacral E. Coccygeal- 1
E. Coccygeal - The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry
impulses to and from the cord. A total of 31 pairs of spinal
nerves attach to the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5
lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior
(ventral) root containing motor fibers, and a posterior (dorsal)
root containing sensory fibers. The anterior and posterior
roots merge to form a short spinal nerve, <5 mm long. Spinal
nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from other levels in
plexuses outside the cord, from which peripheral nerves
emerge. Most peripheral nerves contain both sensory
(afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
Determine the Cranial Nerve: XII Hypoglossal motor tongue
Oflactory: sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
I. IX
J. X
K. Xi
L. XII
,Determine the Cranial Nerve: A. II
Optic: vision
A. II
B. I
C. III
D. IV
E. VI
F. V
G. VIII
H. VII
I. IX
J. XI
K. X
L. XII
This mediate voluntary movement and A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract
integrate skilled, complicated, or delicate - The corticospinal (pyramidal) tract. The corticospinal tracts
movements by stim- ulating selected mediate voluntary movement and integrate skilled,
muscular actions and inhibiting others. They complicated, or delicate movements by stim- ulating selected
also carry impulses that inhibit muscle tone, muscular actions and inhibiting others. They also carry
the slight tension maintained by normal impulses that inhibit muscle tone, the slight tension maintained
muscle even when it is relaxed. (Bickley) by normal muscle even when it is relaxed. The corticospinal
A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract tracts originate in the motor cortex of the brain (Fig. 17-6).
B. Basal Ganglia Motor fibers travel down into the lower medulla, where they
C. Cerebellar system form an anatomical structure resembling a pyramid.
- There, most of these fibers cross to the opposite or
contralateral side of the medulla, continue downward, and
synapse with anterior horn cells or with intermediate neurons.
Tracts synapsing in the brainstem with motor nuclei of the CNs
are termed corticobulbar.
● The basal ganglia system. This exceedingly complex system
includes motor pathways between the cerebral cortex, basal
ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord. It helps to maintain
muscle tone and to control body movements, espe- cially
gross automatic movements such as walking.
● The cerebellar system. The cerebellum receives both
sensory and motor input and coordinates motor activity,
maintains equilibrium, and helps to control posture. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
When upper motor neuron systems are B. Contralateral & C. Exaggerated reflex
damaged above their crossover in the - When upper motor neuron systems are dam- aged above
medulla, motor impairment develops on and their crossover in the medulla, motor impairment develops on
becomes (STA) the opposite or contralateral side. In damage below the
A. Ipsilateral crossover, motor impairment occurs on the same or ipsi-
B. Contralateral lateral side of the body (Bickley)
C. Exaggerated reflex - slow- ness or lack of spontaneous and automatic
D. Lack of reflex movements termed bradykinesia, and various involuntary
movements. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
, Determine the location of the spinal nerve
A. Ankle
B. Knee
C. Brachioradialis
D. Bicep
E. Tricep reflex
Identify the presentation A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
A. classically presents as "the worst B. Meningitis
headache of my life" with instantaneous C. Brain tumor
onset D. Migraine
B. Severe headache and stiff neck
C. Dull headache increased by coughing
and sneezing, especially when recurring in
the same location
D. headache is often preceded by an aura
or prodrome, and is highly likely if three of
the five "POUND" features are present:
Pulsatile or throbbing; One- day duration, or
lasts 4 to 72 hours if untreated; Unilateral;
Nausea or vomit- ing; Disabling or intensity
causing inter- ruption of daily activit
(Bickley)
Identify A. pre- syncope from vasovagal stimulation, orthostatic
A. Feeling light-headed, weak in the legs, or hypotension, arrhythmia, or side effects from blood pressure
about to faint points t o and other medications. (Bickley)
B. often reflects vestibular dis- ease, usually B. Vertigo, Benign positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, or Ménière
from peripheral causes in the inner ear disease
C. ataxia, diplopia, and dysarthria are C. Vertebrobasilar TIA or stroke. Also consider posterior fossa
suspicious for (Bickley) tumor and migraine with brainstem aura. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620.
VitalBook file.
identification A. TIA or Stoke
A. Abrupt onset of motor and sensory B. Guillan-Barre
deficits occurs in c. metastatic spinal cord tumors. (Bickley)
B. Progressive subacute onset of lower D. M,yopathies
extremity weakness E. occurs in myopathies from alcohol, drugs like
C. Chronic, more gradual, onset of lower glucocorticoids, and inflammatory muscle disorders like
extremity weakness occurs in polymyositis and dermatomyositis
D. Focal or asymmetric weakness has both F. Myasthenia Gravis
central (ischemic, thrombotic, or mass G. Polyneuropathy
lesions) and peripheral
E. Proximal limb weakness, when sym-
metric with intact sensation
F. proximal typically asymmetric weakness
that gets worse with effort (fatigability),
often with associated bulbar symptoms such
as diplopia, ptosis, dysarthria, and
dysphagia
G. Bilateral predominantly distal weak- ness,
often with sensory loss
