PSYC 388 Intro to Counselling Final
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Graded A
Frank Parsons - Correct answer-Founder of the vocational guidance and counseling
profession, used groups to facilitate career and vocational development.
Clifford Beers - Correct answer-Wrote book on his experience with mental illness
Clarence Hincks - Correct answer-Founded the Canadian Mental health
Association (1918)
Trait-And-Factor Counseling - Correct answer-Problem-solving approach to
vocational counselling where students are taught the skills they need to get jobs
5 Life Tasks of the Wellness Model - Correct answer-Spirituality
Self-Direction
Work and Leisure
Friendship
Love
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Social Justice - Correct answer-justice in terms of the distribution of wealth,
opportunities, and privileges within a society.
Rollo May's Wounded Healer - Correct answer-People who have through hurt
gained insight into themselves and the world, and can help others overcome
emotional problems
Lynn Schecter - Correct answer-Worked through 911 and Hurricane Katrina with
the help of a support system
Levels of Helping - Correct answer-Nonprofessional (Friends and Colleagues)
Paraprofessional (Mental Health Technicians)
Professional (Counsellors etc)
Four Models of Attribution - Correct answer-Medical: Cause X Solution X
Counsellor as Expert
Moral: Cause Y Solution Y
Counsellor as Coach
Compensatory: Cause X Solution Y
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Counsellor as Teacher
Enlightenment: Cause Y Solution X
Counsellor as Authority
STIPS (Prieto and Schaal) - Correct answer-Often used in training
Signs and symtopms
Topics discussed in Counselling
Interventions used
Progress and continuing plan
Special issues of importance
Ethics vs Morality - Correct answer-Ethics: Principles and Standards
Morality: Evaluation or a Judgment
5 Types of Ethical Dilemmas - Correct answer-Confidentiality
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Role Conflict
Counsellor Competence
Conflicts with Employer/Institution
Degree of Dangerousness
Fundamental Ethical Principles - Correct answer-Beneficience
Fidelity
Non-maleficience
Autonomy
Justice
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Graded A
Frank Parsons - Correct answer-Founder of the vocational guidance and counseling
profession, used groups to facilitate career and vocational development.
Clifford Beers - Correct answer-Wrote book on his experience with mental illness
Clarence Hincks - Correct answer-Founded the Canadian Mental health
Association (1918)
Trait-And-Factor Counseling - Correct answer-Problem-solving approach to
vocational counselling where students are taught the skills they need to get jobs
5 Life Tasks of the Wellness Model - Correct answer-Spirituality
Self-Direction
Work and Leisure
Friendship
Love
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Social Justice - Correct answer-justice in terms of the distribution of wealth,
opportunities, and privileges within a society.
Rollo May's Wounded Healer - Correct answer-People who have through hurt
gained insight into themselves and the world, and can help others overcome
emotional problems
Lynn Schecter - Correct answer-Worked through 911 and Hurricane Katrina with
the help of a support system
Levels of Helping - Correct answer-Nonprofessional (Friends and Colleagues)
Paraprofessional (Mental Health Technicians)
Professional (Counsellors etc)
Four Models of Attribution - Correct answer-Medical: Cause X Solution X
Counsellor as Expert
Moral: Cause Y Solution Y
Counsellor as Coach
Compensatory: Cause X Solution Y
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Counsellor as Teacher
Enlightenment: Cause Y Solution X
Counsellor as Authority
STIPS (Prieto and Schaal) - Correct answer-Often used in training
Signs and symtopms
Topics discussed in Counselling
Interventions used
Progress and continuing plan
Special issues of importance
Ethics vs Morality - Correct answer-Ethics: Principles and Standards
Morality: Evaluation or a Judgment
5 Types of Ethical Dilemmas - Correct answer-Confidentiality
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Role Conflict
Counsellor Competence
Conflicts with Employer/Institution
Degree of Dangerousness
Fundamental Ethical Principles - Correct answer-Beneficience
Fidelity
Non-maleficience
Autonomy
Justice
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
