AQA A LEVEL
PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, Certainly! Here are the numbered questions and answers:
1. **Give one reason why schemas are useful?**
When we're in unknown situations, schemas help us know how to behave. They fill in gaps
when we do not know what to do, allowing us to process situations better.
2. **Give one reason why schemas are not useful?**
Schemas may exclude information that doesn't conform to our prior expectations, leading
to stereotypes that are difficult to change, which can result in inaccurate judgments or
misrepresentations of people or situations.
3. **Discuss the defense mechanism shown by Jed?**
Displacement is when someone redirects their hostile feelings onto something else
because it is not appropriate to express those feelings toward the original source. Jed can't
take his frustration out on his teacher, so he displaces his feelings by kicking the locker.
4. **Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the biological
approach (A01 Behaviourist):**
The behaviourist approach suggests that learning processes like operant and classical
conditioning govern behavior across species. Both the behaviourist and biological
approaches are determinist, meaning they see behavior as caused by factors beyond free
will.
5. **Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the biological
approach (classical conditioning):**
Classical conditioning, developed by Pavlov, involves learning through association—e.g.,
dogs salivating to a bell. Repeated exposure creates learned, automatic responses to stimuli.
6. **Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the biological
approach (operant conditioning):**
Operant conditioning, proposed by Skinner, emphasizes learning through consequences—
positive reinforcement increases behavior, negative reinforcement removes unpleasant
stimuli, and punishment decreases behavior.
PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, Certainly! Here are the numbered questions and answers:
1. **Give one reason why schemas are useful?**
When we're in unknown situations, schemas help us know how to behave. They fill in gaps
when we do not know what to do, allowing us to process situations better.
2. **Give one reason why schemas are not useful?**
Schemas may exclude information that doesn't conform to our prior expectations, leading
to stereotypes that are difficult to change, which can result in inaccurate judgments or
misrepresentations of people or situations.
3. **Discuss the defense mechanism shown by Jed?**
Displacement is when someone redirects their hostile feelings onto something else
because it is not appropriate to express those feelings toward the original source. Jed can't
take his frustration out on his teacher, so he displaces his feelings by kicking the locker.
4. **Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the biological
approach (A01 Behaviourist):**
The behaviourist approach suggests that learning processes like operant and classical
conditioning govern behavior across species. Both the behaviourist and biological
approaches are determinist, meaning they see behavior as caused by factors beyond free
will.
5. **Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the biological
approach (classical conditioning):**
Classical conditioning, developed by Pavlov, involves learning through association—e.g.,
dogs salivating to a bell. Repeated exposure creates learned, automatic responses to stimuli.
6. **Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the biological
approach (operant conditioning):**
Operant conditioning, proposed by Skinner, emphasizes learning through consequences—
positive reinforcement increases behavior, negative reinforcement removes unpleasant
stimuli, and punishment decreases behavior.
