NUR242: Maternal Newborn Nursing-
fw fw fw
Exam 1, Part 2
fw fw fw fw
Studyfwonlinefwatfwhttps://quizlet.com/_by3b9n
NUR242: ONCOLOGY EXAM Q AND A
dysplasiafwvsfwneoplasiafw-fwanswer---dysplasia:fwreversible
-neoplasia:fwirreversible/cancer
Cellfwcycle:fw-fwanswer--G0fw=fwrestingfwstatefw
G1fw(Gapfw1)fw
S-phasefw(synthesis)fw
G2fw(Gapfw2)fw
Mfw(Mitosis)fw=fwtwofwidenticalfwdaughterfwcells
*G1-G2fw"interphase"fw=fwchromosomesfwcopied
tumorfwsuppressorfwgenes...fw-fwanswer--
preventfwcellsfwfromfwgoingfwthroughfwthefwcellfwcyclefwbutfwmutationsfwcanfwmakefwthemfwinactivefw
Ex.fwBRCAfw1
Developmentfwoffwcancer:fw-fwanswer--1.fwInitiation-fwMutationfwoffwDNAfw(mostlyfwacquired)fw
2.fwPromotion-fwpromotersfw(obesity,fwfat,fwalcohol,fwsmoking)
3.fwProgression-fwgrowthfw(tumorfwangiogenesis),fwinvasiveness,fwmetastasis
Carcinogensfw-fwanswer--EnterfwnucleusfwandfwdamagefwDNAfw
1.fwBenzene,fwArsenic,fwformaldehyde,fwasbestos
2.fwRadiation
3.fwViralfw(HBV,fwHCV,fwHPV,fwHfwPylori)
4.fwObesityfw
5.fwSmoking
6.fwalcohol
7.fwdietaryfwfat
Latentfwperiod:fw
SizefwtofwbefwpickedfwupfwonfwMRifw-fwanswer--
1.fwtimefwbtwfwinitialfwgeneticfwalterationfwtofwclinicalfwevidence;fw1fwtofw40fwyrsfw
2.fw0.5fwcm;fw1.0fwcmfwtofwbefwpalpable
Whatfwisfwskipfwmetastasis?fw-fwanswer--tumorfwcellsfwtravelfwtofwdistantfwnodes
Immunefwsystemfwrole:fw-fwanswer--
1.fwLymphocytesfwcont.fwcheckfwcellsfwforfwtumorfwassociatedfwantigensfwandfwdestroyfwthem
Immunologicfwescape:fwHow?fw(6)fw-fwanswer--1.fwsuppressfwfactorsfwthatfwstimulatefwTfwcells
2.fwWeakfwsurfacefwantigensfwallowfwthemfwtofwsneakfwthrough
3.fwimmunefwsystemfwdevelopsfwtolerancefwtofwsomefwtumorfwantigens
4.fwcancerfwcellsfwsuppressfwimmunefwsystemfwbyfwproductsfwtheyfwsecrete
5.fwinductionfwoffwsuppressorfwTfwcells
6.fwblockingfwantibodiesfwfromfwbindingfwTAAs,fwpreventingfwrecognition
Oncofetalfwantigens...fw-fwanswer--Foundfwin/onfwtumorfwcells,fwasfwafwresultfwasfwcellfwregainsfwitsfwembryonicfwcapabilityfw
1fw/
fw22
, NUR242: Maternal Newborn Nursing-
fw fw fw
Exam 1, Part 2
fw fw fw fw
ex.fwPSA Studyfwonlinefwatfwhttps://quizlet.com/_by3b9n
MainfwdifferencefwbtwfwBenignfwvs.fwmalignantfwneoplasmsfw-fwanswer--Malignantfwcellsfwinvadefwandfwmetastasize
Howfwisfwcancerfwclassified?fw(3)fw-fwanswer--1.fwAnatomicfwsite
2.fwHistology/grading
3.fwExtent/Staging
Anatomicfwsitefwclassification
1.fwidentifiedfwby?
2.fwCarcinomas?
3.fwSarcomas?
4.fwLymphomas/leukemias?fw-fwanswer--1.fwtissuefwoffworigin
2.fwectodermfw(skinfwandfwglands)fwandfwendodermfw(mucousfwmembranes)
3.fwmesodermfw(CT,fwmuscle,fwbone,fwfat)
4.fwHematopoieticfwsystem
Histologicfwclassificationfwoffwcancer:
1.fwbasedfwon?
2.fwGradefw1
3.fwGradefw2
4.fwGradefw3
5.fwGradefw4fw-fwanswer--1.fwappearancefwoffwcellsfwandfwdegreefwoffwdifferentiation
2.fwwellfwdifferentiated
3.fwmod.fwdifferentiated
4.fwpoorlyfwdifferentiated
5.fwundifferentiated/immature/primitive
Extentfwoffwdiseasefwclassification:
1.fwbasedfwonfwwhatfw3fwparameters?
2.fwTis/O
3.fw1
4.fw2
5.fw3
6.fw4
7.fwXfw-fwanswer--1.fwTumorfwsize/invasiveness,fwNodefwlymphfwspread,fwMetastasis
2.fwinfwsitu;fwonlyfwsuperficialfw(notfwinvasie)
3.fwlocalizedfworigin
4.fwlocalfwspread
5.fwlocalfw&fwregionalfwspread
6.fwmetastasis
7.fwcannotfwbefwmeasured
TfworfwF:fwoncefwstagefwclassificationfwisfwmade,fwitfwcannotfwbefwchangedfw-fwanswer--Truefw(butfwmayfwbefwrestaged)
Cancer:fwAssessmentsfw(13)fw-fwanswer--1.fwFatigue,fwfever
2.fwwtfwloss,fwvomiting
3.fwpainfw(HA,fwbonefwpain)
4.fwmass
5.fwpallor,fwpurpura,fwwhitishfwreflexfwoffweyes
6.fwlymphadenopathy
2fw/
fw22
, NUR242: Maternal Newborn Nursing-
fw fw fw
Exam 1, Part 2
fw fw fw fw
7.fwchangesfwStudy fwonline
infwbowel atfwfwbladder
or
fwfw https://quizlet.com/_by3b9n
fwhabits
8.fwAfwsorefwthatfwdoesn'tfwheal
9.fwunusualfwbleedingfworfwdischargefwfromfworifices
10.fwThickening/lump
11.fwIndigestion/dysphagia
12.fwobviousfwchangesfwinfwwart/monitor,fwwalking/coordination
13.fwNaggingfwcough/hoarseness
Additionalfwmeasuresfwtofwreducefwr/offwcancerfwandfwwhyfw-fwanswer--1.fwAdequatefwrestfw
2.fwreducefwstress
Bcfwtheyfwweakenfwimmunefwsystemfw
3.fwObesityfw(chronicfwlowfwgradefwinflammationfwcanfwdamagefwDNA)
Cancerfwtherapyfwcanfwservefw3fwmainfwpurposes?fw-fwanswer--Curative,fwControl,fwpalliative
Targetedfwtherapyfwaimsfwat...fw-fwanswer--afwcancer'sfwspecificfwgenes/
proteinsfwthatfwcontributefwtofwitsfwgrowthfwandfwsurvival;fwbiopsyfwdeterminesfwthis
Chemotherapy:fwHowfwdofwsomefwcancerfwcellsfwmanagefwtofwescapefwthefweffectsfwoffwchemo?fw-fwanswer--
Becausefwchemofwisfweffectivefwagainstfwactivelyfwdividingfwcells,fwsofwtheyfwcanfwescapefwitfwbyfwremainingfwinfwthefwG0fwph
asefworfwmutatefwtofwbecomefwresistant.fwAsfwtumorsfwgrowfwbiggerfwmorefwcellsfwconvertfwtofwG0fwphase.fwAlsofwthefwtumorf
wmustfwhavefwgoodfwvascularizationfwbcfwthat'sfwhowfwchemofwreachesfwthefwtumor
Benefitsfwoffwcombofwchemo?fw(4)fw-fwanswer--1.fwenhancesfwtumoricidalfwactivityfw
2.fwincreasesfwchancefwoffwaffectingfwcancerfwcellsfwinfwallfwphases
3.fwSynergisticfweffectsfw
4.fwdecreasefwdrugfwresistancefw(byfwworkingfwonfwdiff.fwphases)
GeneralfwSEfwoffwChemo/Rad:fw(11)fw-fwanswer--1.fwAlopecia
2.fwN/V/D/C-fwlowfwfiber
Anorexiafw
3.fwStomatitis/mucositisfw
4.fwBonefwmarrowfwdepression-fwbruising/bleeding,fwanemia,fwinfection/
neutropenia;fwassessfwCBCfwwithfwdifferential;fwnadirfw7-10fwdysfwafterfwchemo
5.fwreproductivefwdysfxn
6.fwFatigue-fwEfwconservationfwstrategies,fwnutrition,fwhydration
7.fwChemofwbrain-fwpuzzles,fwnofwmultitaskingfw
8.fwHepatotoxicity/nephrotoxic
9.fwIncreasedfwpigmentation,fwphotosensitivityfw
10.fwInflammationfwoffworgansfwfromfwradfw
11.fwDryfworfwWetfwdesquamation-fwonlyfwRxfwtopicals,fwlosefwclothes,fwnofwshaving;fwgentlyfwcleansefww/
fwsoapfwandfwtepidfwwater,fwpatfwdry,fwexposefwtofwair,fwsunfwprotection,fwnofwswim
Mostfwatfwr/ffwsecondaryfwcancerfw-fwanswer--Alkylatingfwagents/chemo,fwandfwradfw
(leukemia,fwangiosarcoma,fwskin)
Otherfwtx:fw
1.fwHormonesfw
2.fwCorticosteroidsfw
a)fwSE
b)fwwhatfwtofwreport?
3fw/
fw22
fw fw fw
Exam 1, Part 2
fw fw fw fw
Studyfwonlinefwatfwhttps://quizlet.com/_by3b9n
NUR242: ONCOLOGY EXAM Q AND A
dysplasiafwvsfwneoplasiafw-fwanswer---dysplasia:fwreversible
-neoplasia:fwirreversible/cancer
Cellfwcycle:fw-fwanswer--G0fw=fwrestingfwstatefw
G1fw(Gapfw1)fw
S-phasefw(synthesis)fw
G2fw(Gapfw2)fw
Mfw(Mitosis)fw=fwtwofwidenticalfwdaughterfwcells
*G1-G2fw"interphase"fw=fwchromosomesfwcopied
tumorfwsuppressorfwgenes...fw-fwanswer--
preventfwcellsfwfromfwgoingfwthroughfwthefwcellfwcyclefwbutfwmutationsfwcanfwmakefwthemfwinactivefw
Ex.fwBRCAfw1
Developmentfwoffwcancer:fw-fwanswer--1.fwInitiation-fwMutationfwoffwDNAfw(mostlyfwacquired)fw
2.fwPromotion-fwpromotersfw(obesity,fwfat,fwalcohol,fwsmoking)
3.fwProgression-fwgrowthfw(tumorfwangiogenesis),fwinvasiveness,fwmetastasis
Carcinogensfw-fwanswer--EnterfwnucleusfwandfwdamagefwDNAfw
1.fwBenzene,fwArsenic,fwformaldehyde,fwasbestos
2.fwRadiation
3.fwViralfw(HBV,fwHCV,fwHPV,fwHfwPylori)
4.fwObesityfw
5.fwSmoking
6.fwalcohol
7.fwdietaryfwfat
Latentfwperiod:fw
SizefwtofwbefwpickedfwupfwonfwMRifw-fwanswer--
1.fwtimefwbtwfwinitialfwgeneticfwalterationfwtofwclinicalfwevidence;fw1fwtofw40fwyrsfw
2.fw0.5fwcm;fw1.0fwcmfwtofwbefwpalpable
Whatfwisfwskipfwmetastasis?fw-fwanswer--tumorfwcellsfwtravelfwtofwdistantfwnodes
Immunefwsystemfwrole:fw-fwanswer--
1.fwLymphocytesfwcont.fwcheckfwcellsfwforfwtumorfwassociatedfwantigensfwandfwdestroyfwthem
Immunologicfwescape:fwHow?fw(6)fw-fwanswer--1.fwsuppressfwfactorsfwthatfwstimulatefwTfwcells
2.fwWeakfwsurfacefwantigensfwallowfwthemfwtofwsneakfwthrough
3.fwimmunefwsystemfwdevelopsfwtolerancefwtofwsomefwtumorfwantigens
4.fwcancerfwcellsfwsuppressfwimmunefwsystemfwbyfwproductsfwtheyfwsecrete
5.fwinductionfwoffwsuppressorfwTfwcells
6.fwblockingfwantibodiesfwfromfwbindingfwTAAs,fwpreventingfwrecognition
Oncofetalfwantigens...fw-fwanswer--Foundfwin/onfwtumorfwcells,fwasfwafwresultfwasfwcellfwregainsfwitsfwembryonicfwcapabilityfw
1fw/
fw22
, NUR242: Maternal Newborn Nursing-
fw fw fw
Exam 1, Part 2
fw fw fw fw
ex.fwPSA Studyfwonlinefwatfwhttps://quizlet.com/_by3b9n
MainfwdifferencefwbtwfwBenignfwvs.fwmalignantfwneoplasmsfw-fwanswer--Malignantfwcellsfwinvadefwandfwmetastasize
Howfwisfwcancerfwclassified?fw(3)fw-fwanswer--1.fwAnatomicfwsite
2.fwHistology/grading
3.fwExtent/Staging
Anatomicfwsitefwclassification
1.fwidentifiedfwby?
2.fwCarcinomas?
3.fwSarcomas?
4.fwLymphomas/leukemias?fw-fwanswer--1.fwtissuefwoffworigin
2.fwectodermfw(skinfwandfwglands)fwandfwendodermfw(mucousfwmembranes)
3.fwmesodermfw(CT,fwmuscle,fwbone,fwfat)
4.fwHematopoieticfwsystem
Histologicfwclassificationfwoffwcancer:
1.fwbasedfwon?
2.fwGradefw1
3.fwGradefw2
4.fwGradefw3
5.fwGradefw4fw-fwanswer--1.fwappearancefwoffwcellsfwandfwdegreefwoffwdifferentiation
2.fwwellfwdifferentiated
3.fwmod.fwdifferentiated
4.fwpoorlyfwdifferentiated
5.fwundifferentiated/immature/primitive
Extentfwoffwdiseasefwclassification:
1.fwbasedfwonfwwhatfw3fwparameters?
2.fwTis/O
3.fw1
4.fw2
5.fw3
6.fw4
7.fwXfw-fwanswer--1.fwTumorfwsize/invasiveness,fwNodefwlymphfwspread,fwMetastasis
2.fwinfwsitu;fwonlyfwsuperficialfw(notfwinvasie)
3.fwlocalizedfworigin
4.fwlocalfwspread
5.fwlocalfw&fwregionalfwspread
6.fwmetastasis
7.fwcannotfwbefwmeasured
TfworfwF:fwoncefwstagefwclassificationfwisfwmade,fwitfwcannotfwbefwchangedfw-fwanswer--Truefw(butfwmayfwbefwrestaged)
Cancer:fwAssessmentsfw(13)fw-fwanswer--1.fwFatigue,fwfever
2.fwwtfwloss,fwvomiting
3.fwpainfw(HA,fwbonefwpain)
4.fwmass
5.fwpallor,fwpurpura,fwwhitishfwreflexfwoffweyes
6.fwlymphadenopathy
2fw/
fw22
, NUR242: Maternal Newborn Nursing-
fw fw fw
Exam 1, Part 2
fw fw fw fw
7.fwchangesfwStudy fwonline
infwbowel atfwfwbladder
or
fwfw https://quizlet.com/_by3b9n
fwhabits
8.fwAfwsorefwthatfwdoesn'tfwheal
9.fwunusualfwbleedingfworfwdischargefwfromfworifices
10.fwThickening/lump
11.fwIndigestion/dysphagia
12.fwobviousfwchangesfwinfwwart/monitor,fwwalking/coordination
13.fwNaggingfwcough/hoarseness
Additionalfwmeasuresfwtofwreducefwr/offwcancerfwandfwwhyfw-fwanswer--1.fwAdequatefwrestfw
2.fwreducefwstress
Bcfwtheyfwweakenfwimmunefwsystemfw
3.fwObesityfw(chronicfwlowfwgradefwinflammationfwcanfwdamagefwDNA)
Cancerfwtherapyfwcanfwservefw3fwmainfwpurposes?fw-fwanswer--Curative,fwControl,fwpalliative
Targetedfwtherapyfwaimsfwat...fw-fwanswer--afwcancer'sfwspecificfwgenes/
proteinsfwthatfwcontributefwtofwitsfwgrowthfwandfwsurvival;fwbiopsyfwdeterminesfwthis
Chemotherapy:fwHowfwdofwsomefwcancerfwcellsfwmanagefwtofwescapefwthefweffectsfwoffwchemo?fw-fwanswer--
Becausefwchemofwisfweffectivefwagainstfwactivelyfwdividingfwcells,fwsofwtheyfwcanfwescapefwitfwbyfwremainingfwinfwthefwG0fwph
asefworfwmutatefwtofwbecomefwresistant.fwAsfwtumorsfwgrowfwbiggerfwmorefwcellsfwconvertfwtofwG0fwphase.fwAlsofwthefwtumorf
wmustfwhavefwgoodfwvascularizationfwbcfwthat'sfwhowfwchemofwreachesfwthefwtumor
Benefitsfwoffwcombofwchemo?fw(4)fw-fwanswer--1.fwenhancesfwtumoricidalfwactivityfw
2.fwincreasesfwchancefwoffwaffectingfwcancerfwcellsfwinfwallfwphases
3.fwSynergisticfweffectsfw
4.fwdecreasefwdrugfwresistancefw(byfwworkingfwonfwdiff.fwphases)
GeneralfwSEfwoffwChemo/Rad:fw(11)fw-fwanswer--1.fwAlopecia
2.fwN/V/D/C-fwlowfwfiber
Anorexiafw
3.fwStomatitis/mucositisfw
4.fwBonefwmarrowfwdepression-fwbruising/bleeding,fwanemia,fwinfection/
neutropenia;fwassessfwCBCfwwithfwdifferential;fwnadirfw7-10fwdysfwafterfwchemo
5.fwreproductivefwdysfxn
6.fwFatigue-fwEfwconservationfwstrategies,fwnutrition,fwhydration
7.fwChemofwbrain-fwpuzzles,fwnofwmultitaskingfw
8.fwHepatotoxicity/nephrotoxic
9.fwIncreasedfwpigmentation,fwphotosensitivityfw
10.fwInflammationfwoffworgansfwfromfwradfw
11.fwDryfworfwWetfwdesquamation-fwonlyfwRxfwtopicals,fwlosefwclothes,fwnofwshaving;fwgentlyfwcleansefww/
fwsoapfwandfwtepidfwwater,fwpatfwdry,fwexposefwtofwair,fwsunfwprotection,fwnofwswim
Mostfwatfwr/ffwsecondaryfwcancerfw-fwanswer--Alkylatingfwagents/chemo,fwandfwradfw
(leukemia,fwangiosarcoma,fwskin)
Otherfwtx:fw
1.fwHormonesfw
2.fwCorticosteroidsfw
a)fwSE
b)fwwhatfwtofwreport?
3fw/
fw22
