Prophecy Exam – Cardiovascular Medications
Exam Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A |
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1. Which medication class is first-line therapy for hypertension in most
patients?
A. Loop diuretics
B. Thiazide diuretics
C. Nitrates
D. Cardiac glycosides
Answer: B
Thiazide diuretics are recommended as first-line treatment for uncomplicated
hypertension due to proven cardiovascular outcome benefits.
2. Which beta-blocker is cardioselective?
A. Propranolol
B. Nadolol
C. Metoprolol
D. Carvedilol
Answer: C
Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 receptors, primarily affecting the heart.
3. What is the primary action of ACE inhibitors?
A. Block calcium channels
B. Increase heart rate
C. Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
D. Promote sodium retention
Answer: C
ACE inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion by blocking
angiotensin II formation.
,4. A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is:
A. Bradycardia
B. Dry cough
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Tachycardia
Answer: B
Dry cough occurs due to increased bradykinin levels.
5. Which medication is a loop diuretic?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Spironolactone
C. Furosemide
D. Chlorthalidone
Answer: C
Furosemide acts on the loop of Henle to promote significant diuresis.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is common with loop diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
7. Nitroglycerin primarily works by:
A. Increasing heart rate
B. Increasing contractility
C. Dilating veins and coronary arteries
D. Blocking beta receptors
, Answer: C
Nitroglycerin reduces preload and improves myocardial oxygen supply.
8. Before administering digoxin, the nurse should check:
A. Blood glucose
B. Respiratory rate
C. Apical pulse
D. Temperature
Answer: C
Digoxin slows heart rate; it should be held if pulse is below 60 bpm.
9. Therapeutic serum digoxin level is:
A. 2.5–3.5 ng/mL
B. 0.5–2.0 ng/mL
C. 3.0–5.0 ng/mL
D. 5.0–6.0 ng/mL
Answer: B
Levels above 2.0 ng/mL increase risk of toxicity.
10. Which symptom indicates digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypertension
B. Yellow vision (halos)
C. Increased appetite
D. Hyperactivity
Answer: B
Visual disturbances are classic signs of digoxin toxicity.
11. Spironolactone is classified as a:
A. Loop diuretic
B. Thiazide diuretic
Exam Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A |
Instant Download Pdf
1. Which medication class is first-line therapy for hypertension in most
patients?
A. Loop diuretics
B. Thiazide diuretics
C. Nitrates
D. Cardiac glycosides
Answer: B
Thiazide diuretics are recommended as first-line treatment for uncomplicated
hypertension due to proven cardiovascular outcome benefits.
2. Which beta-blocker is cardioselective?
A. Propranolol
B. Nadolol
C. Metoprolol
D. Carvedilol
Answer: C
Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 receptors, primarily affecting the heart.
3. What is the primary action of ACE inhibitors?
A. Block calcium channels
B. Increase heart rate
C. Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
D. Promote sodium retention
Answer: C
ACE inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion by blocking
angiotensin II formation.
,4. A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is:
A. Bradycardia
B. Dry cough
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Tachycardia
Answer: B
Dry cough occurs due to increased bradykinin levels.
5. Which medication is a loop diuretic?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Spironolactone
C. Furosemide
D. Chlorthalidone
Answer: C
Furosemide acts on the loop of Henle to promote significant diuresis.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is common with loop diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
7. Nitroglycerin primarily works by:
A. Increasing heart rate
B. Increasing contractility
C. Dilating veins and coronary arteries
D. Blocking beta receptors
, Answer: C
Nitroglycerin reduces preload and improves myocardial oxygen supply.
8. Before administering digoxin, the nurse should check:
A. Blood glucose
B. Respiratory rate
C. Apical pulse
D. Temperature
Answer: C
Digoxin slows heart rate; it should be held if pulse is below 60 bpm.
9. Therapeutic serum digoxin level is:
A. 2.5–3.5 ng/mL
B. 0.5–2.0 ng/mL
C. 3.0–5.0 ng/mL
D. 5.0–6.0 ng/mL
Answer: B
Levels above 2.0 ng/mL increase risk of toxicity.
10. Which symptom indicates digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypertension
B. Yellow vision (halos)
C. Increased appetite
D. Hyperactivity
Answer: B
Visual disturbances are classic signs of digoxin toxicity.
11. Spironolactone is classified as a:
A. Loop diuretic
B. Thiazide diuretic
