Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Define the term Element - (ANSWER)A substance made up from one type of atom and cannot be broken
down by chemical means.
Identify the common chemical symbols for oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, potassium,
sodium, chlorine, iron, and phosphorus. - (ANSWER)Oxygen - O
Carbon - C
Hydrogen - H
Nitrogen - N
Calcium - Ca
Potassium - K
Sodium - Na
Chlorine - Cl
Iron - Fe
Phosphorus - P
Identify the chemical formulas for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, hydrochloric acid, sodium
chloride, glucose, and sodium bicarbonate (also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate). -
(ANSWER)Carbon Dioxide - CO2 / Carbon Monoxide - CO / Water - H2O / Hydrochloric Acid - HCl /
Sodium Chloride - NaCl / Glucose - C6H12O6 / Sodium Bicarbonate - NaHCO3
Define the term Atom - (ANSWER)The basic unit of a chemical element.
Describe the basic structure of an atom (protons, neutrons, and electrons). - (ANSWER)The center of an
atom is made up of protons and neutrons that form the nucleus. Electrons are lightweight and orbit
around the nucleus (neutrons and protons).
Identify the charge and the location in an atom of protons, neutrons, and electrons. - (ANSWER)Charge:
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge and Neutrons have no charge (neutral).
Location: protons and neutrons remain in the center (nucleus). Electrons remain orbiting outside the
nucleus.
,Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Define the term Isotope - (ANSWER)Two or more forms of the same element that have the same
number of protons but different number of neutrons, and differ in atomic mass but not in chemical
properties.
Recognize that isotopes are used in diagnosis and treatment in medicine - (ANSWER)They are used in
body scans/nuclear imaging to evaluate thyroid cancer, etc.
Define the terms molecule and ion. Explain the role of electrons in chemical bonding. -
(ANSWER)Molecule - A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of
a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Ion - An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Explain role of electrons in chemical bonding - Electrons play a huge role in chemical bonding. One type
is electrovalent bonding (ionic), where an electron from one atom is transferred to another atom. You
end up creating two ions as one atom loses and electron and another one gains one. BASICALLY,
chemical bonding can't happen without electrons.
Compare how covalent and ionic bonds hold atoms together and how each type of bond is shown in a
diagram. - (ANSWER)Covalent bonding takes place when atoms are unstable because their outer ring of
electrons aren't filled up. So then atoms come together and share electrons (forming a molecule). They
become strong and hard to break apart.
Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms. It's a type of chemical bond
that generates two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but still create
molecules.
Discuss the relative strength of covalent and ionic bonds (how easily the bonds can be broken). -
(ANSWER)Covalent bonds are strong and can only be broken by enzymic catalysis. Ionic bonds are weak
and can be broken by temperature and pressure.
Compare polar and nonpolar bonds. Compare and contrast the characteristics of polar and nonpolar
molecules. - (ANSWER)Nonpolar covalent bond - A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same
electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
Polar covalent bond - A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegativities and
therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
Polar Molecules - Have more electrons (+) on one side of the molecule than the other, resulting in an
electrical field in that area.
, Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Nonpolar Molecules - Electrons are distributed more symmetrically and thus does not have an
abundance of charges at the opposite side. The charges all cancel each other out.
Identify the type of bond (polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, or ionic) found in the following molecules:
carbon dioxide, water, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, oxygen gas, and sodium bicarbonate. -
(ANSWER)Carbon dioxide - nonpolar (symmetrical)
Water - Polar covalent
Hydrochloric acid - Polar
Sodium Chloride - polar ionic compound (polar)
Oxygen gas - nonpolar
Sodium bicarbonate - polar
Define the term hydrogen bond. Describe the characteristics of hydrogen bonds. - (ANSWER)A weak
bond between 2 molecules resulting in an interaction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen
atom bonded to another electronegative atom. Hydrogen bonds can occur between molecules or within
parts of a single molecule. Weaker than covalent and ionic bonds. They only form between oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen and fluorine.
Identify how hydrogen bonds are shown in a diagram. -
(ANSWER)https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/chemistry/bonds
Define the terms matter and mass - (ANSWER)Matter - Physical substance in general, what occupies
space and has mass, especially as distinct from energy.
Mass - a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
Identify and describe the properties of the 3 states of matter - (ANSWER)Liquid - Assumes the shape of
the container it occupies, particles slide past each other, little free space between, not easily
compressible, flows easily.
Solid - retains fixed volume, particles locked in place, does not flow easily.
Gas - Assumes shape and volume of container, easily compressible, flows easily, particles move past
each other.
Define the term Element - (ANSWER)A substance made up from one type of atom and cannot be broken
down by chemical means.
Identify the common chemical symbols for oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, potassium,
sodium, chlorine, iron, and phosphorus. - (ANSWER)Oxygen - O
Carbon - C
Hydrogen - H
Nitrogen - N
Calcium - Ca
Potassium - K
Sodium - Na
Chlorine - Cl
Iron - Fe
Phosphorus - P
Identify the chemical formulas for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, hydrochloric acid, sodium
chloride, glucose, and sodium bicarbonate (also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate). -
(ANSWER)Carbon Dioxide - CO2 / Carbon Monoxide - CO / Water - H2O / Hydrochloric Acid - HCl /
Sodium Chloride - NaCl / Glucose - C6H12O6 / Sodium Bicarbonate - NaHCO3
Define the term Atom - (ANSWER)The basic unit of a chemical element.
Describe the basic structure of an atom (protons, neutrons, and electrons). - (ANSWER)The center of an
atom is made up of protons and neutrons that form the nucleus. Electrons are lightweight and orbit
around the nucleus (neutrons and protons).
Identify the charge and the location in an atom of protons, neutrons, and electrons. - (ANSWER)Charge:
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge and Neutrons have no charge (neutral).
Location: protons and neutrons remain in the center (nucleus). Electrons remain orbiting outside the
nucleus.
,Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Define the term Isotope - (ANSWER)Two or more forms of the same element that have the same
number of protons but different number of neutrons, and differ in atomic mass but not in chemical
properties.
Recognize that isotopes are used in diagnosis and treatment in medicine - (ANSWER)They are used in
body scans/nuclear imaging to evaluate thyroid cancer, etc.
Define the terms molecule and ion. Explain the role of electrons in chemical bonding. -
(ANSWER)Molecule - A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of
a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Ion - An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Explain role of electrons in chemical bonding - Electrons play a huge role in chemical bonding. One type
is electrovalent bonding (ionic), where an electron from one atom is transferred to another atom. You
end up creating two ions as one atom loses and electron and another one gains one. BASICALLY,
chemical bonding can't happen without electrons.
Compare how covalent and ionic bonds hold atoms together and how each type of bond is shown in a
diagram. - (ANSWER)Covalent bonding takes place when atoms are unstable because their outer ring of
electrons aren't filled up. So then atoms come together and share electrons (forming a molecule). They
become strong and hard to break apart.
Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms. It's a type of chemical bond
that generates two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but still create
molecules.
Discuss the relative strength of covalent and ionic bonds (how easily the bonds can be broken). -
(ANSWER)Covalent bonds are strong and can only be broken by enzymic catalysis. Ionic bonds are weak
and can be broken by temperature and pressure.
Compare polar and nonpolar bonds. Compare and contrast the characteristics of polar and nonpolar
molecules. - (ANSWER)Nonpolar covalent bond - A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same
electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
Polar covalent bond - A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegativities and
therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
Polar Molecules - Have more electrons (+) on one side of the molecule than the other, resulting in an
electrical field in that area.
, Anatomy & Physiology I Assessment Test Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Nonpolar Molecules - Electrons are distributed more symmetrically and thus does not have an
abundance of charges at the opposite side. The charges all cancel each other out.
Identify the type of bond (polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, or ionic) found in the following molecules:
carbon dioxide, water, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, oxygen gas, and sodium bicarbonate. -
(ANSWER)Carbon dioxide - nonpolar (symmetrical)
Water - Polar covalent
Hydrochloric acid - Polar
Sodium Chloride - polar ionic compound (polar)
Oxygen gas - nonpolar
Sodium bicarbonate - polar
Define the term hydrogen bond. Describe the characteristics of hydrogen bonds. - (ANSWER)A weak
bond between 2 molecules resulting in an interaction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen
atom bonded to another electronegative atom. Hydrogen bonds can occur between molecules or within
parts of a single molecule. Weaker than covalent and ionic bonds. They only form between oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen and fluorine.
Identify how hydrogen bonds are shown in a diagram. -
(ANSWER)https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/chemistry/bonds
Define the terms matter and mass - (ANSWER)Matter - Physical substance in general, what occupies
space and has mass, especially as distinct from energy.
Mass - a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
Identify and describe the properties of the 3 states of matter - (ANSWER)Liquid - Assumes the shape of
the container it occupies, particles slide past each other, little free space between, not easily
compressible, flows easily.
Solid - retains fixed volume, particles locked in place, does not flow easily.
Gas - Assumes shape and volume of container, easily compressible, flows easily, particles move past
each other.
