,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neona
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te
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 6th Edition Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE w#
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the forma
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tion of a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D w#
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
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weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of va
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scular channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network arou
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
nd the air passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and exte
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nds to week 16 of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducti
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ng airway system develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of
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development, which takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by th
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e development of sacs that later become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendou
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s increase in the potential gas-
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exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alve
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olar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term.
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This stage is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
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REF: pp. 3-5 w# w #
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that
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will be present in the lungs for life develop?
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a. 6 months w#
b. 1 year w#
c. 1.5 years w#
d. 2 years w#
ANS: C w#
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years o
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f life. At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. Aft
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er 2 years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplicatio
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n ends, the alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 w# w#
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to trac
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heal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
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, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A w#
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors i
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n development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia o
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r stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized b
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y an abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli,
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
can develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular
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w#phase (i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadeq
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uately developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by
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#alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respir
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atory distress syndrome.
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REF: w#w# p. 6 w#
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association betw
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een oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
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I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism w# w#
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall w# w# w# w# w#
III. Interference with fetal breathing w# w# w#
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid w# w# w# w# w#
a. I and III only
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b. II and III only
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c. I, II, and IV only
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d. II, III, and IV only
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ANS: D w#
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of t
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ime, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanism
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s by which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explana
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tions for reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest w
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all, interference with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinica
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l and experimental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, a
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s being a major growth stimulant.
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REF: pp. 6-7 w# w#
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension
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c. To maintain lung elasticity
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d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
w# w# w# w#
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
w# w# w# w# w# w#
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
w# w# w# w# w# w#
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
w# w# w#
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
w# w# w# w#
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
w# w# w#
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neona
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te
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
w# w# w# w#
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 6th Edition Test Bank
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
MULTIPLE CHOICE w#
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the forma
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
tion of a capillary network around airway passages?
w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D w#
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w
weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of va
# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
scular channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network arou
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
nd the air passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and exte
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
nds to week 16 of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducti
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
ng airway system develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
development, which takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by th
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
e development of sacs that later become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendou
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
s increase in the potential gas-
w# w# w# w# w#
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alve
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
olar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term.
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
This stage is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
REF: pp. 3-5 w# w #
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w
will be present in the lungs for life develop?
# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
a. 6 months w#
b. 1 year w#
c. 1.5 years w#
d. 2 years w#
ANS: C w#
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years o
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
f life. At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. Aft
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
er 2 years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplicatio
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
n ends, the alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
REF: p. 6 w# w#
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to trac
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
heal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A w#
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors i
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
n development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia o
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
r stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized b
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
y an abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli,
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
can develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
w#phase (i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadeq
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
uately developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w
#alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respir
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
atory distress syndrome.
w# w#
REF: w#w# p. 6 w#
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association betw
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
een oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
w# w# w# w#
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism w# w#
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall w# w# w# w# w#
III. Interference with fetal breathing w# w# w#
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid w# w# w# w# w#
a. I and III only
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b. II and III only
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c. I, II, and IV only
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d. II, III, and IV only
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ANS: D w#
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of t
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
ime, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanism
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
s by which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explana
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
tions for reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest w
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
all, interference with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinica
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
l and experimental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, a
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
s being a major growth stimulant.
w# w# w# w# w#
REF: pp. 6-7 w# w#
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
w# w# w# w# w# w#
b. To reduce surface tension
w# w# w#
c. To maintain lung elasticity
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d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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