Chapter 1, The Biological unit in Health and Disease
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the description or answers the question.
1. Which description regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
1. The Biological unit’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the Biological unit compartment.
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
Biological unit compartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
potassium ions.
2. In the absence of oxygen, which Biological unitular function creates the same amount of energy as
is created in the presence of oxygen?
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53
4. Which Biological unit organelles differ in their number according to the Biological unit’s energy
needs?
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the Biological units.
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
4. Muscle Biological units have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
3. During a severe hypoxic state
4. During the processing of prohormone
7. Which Biological unitular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of
the lungs?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
, 3. Secretory vesicles
4. Endoplasmic reticula
8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle Biological units?
1. Actin and myosin
2. Prohormone and tubulin
3. Tubulin and actin
4. Myosin and prohormone
9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
1. Accumulation of ganglioside
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
3. Acceleration of Biological unitular proteasome activity
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
11. Which description regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intraBiological unitular locations.
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the Biological units.
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a Biological unitular level, which function is
likely to be involved?
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
13. A newborn client exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which Biological unitular
component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically
transferred?
1. Transfer RNA
2. Ribosomal RNA
3. Double helix of DNA
4. Mitochondrial DNA
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep
climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
1. Biological unitular hypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Biological unitular edema
, 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
3. The presence of nucleotides
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids
3. Fatty acids
4. Phosphates
18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the Biological unit
2. Protein blueprint from the Biological unit of the DNA
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the Biological unit
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the Biological unit
19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the
mechanism of action of the drug?
1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
1. In the ribosomes
2. In the Golgi apparatus
3. In the secretory granules
4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
21. Which is the Biological unit’s “master mind”?
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Endoplasmic reticulum
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the description or answer the question.
22. Which descriptions regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
, 1. Microtubules are solid.
2. Microtubules are flexible.
3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin.
4. Microtubules are called actin filaments.
5. Microtubules have structures involved in Biological unit division.
23. Which Biological unitular actions are carried out during the process of protein synthesis? Select all
that apply.
1. DNA directs the Biological unit to carry out the process.
2. Transcription occurs in the ribosome of the Biological unit.
3. Protein translation takes place in the Biological unit nucleus.
4. RNA is single-stranded and travels outside the nucleus.
5. In RNA, the pyrimidine base thymine is replaced with uracil.
24. Which characteristics are specific to RNA during protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
1. Presence of ribose pentose sugar
2. Presence of single-stranded helix
3. Presence of double-stranded helix
4. Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar
5. Presence of uracil and cytosine as a pyrimidine base
25. Which are the purine bases found in DNA? Select all that apply.
1. Uracil
2. Adenine
3. Guanine
4. Thymine
5. Cytosine
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the description or answers the question.
1. Which description regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
1. The Biological unit’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the Biological unit compartment.
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
Biological unit compartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
potassium ions.
2. In the absence of oxygen, which Biological unitular function creates the same amount of energy as
is created in the presence of oxygen?
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53
4. Which Biological unit organelles differ in their number according to the Biological unit’s energy
needs?
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the Biological units.
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
4. Muscle Biological units have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
3. During a severe hypoxic state
4. During the processing of prohormone
7. Which Biological unitular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of
the lungs?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
, 3. Secretory vesicles
4. Endoplasmic reticula
8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle Biological units?
1. Actin and myosin
2. Prohormone and tubulin
3. Tubulin and actin
4. Myosin and prohormone
9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
1. Accumulation of ganglioside
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
3. Acceleration of Biological unitular proteasome activity
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
11. Which description regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intraBiological unitular locations.
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the Biological units.
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a Biological unitular level, which function is
likely to be involved?
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
13. A newborn client exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which Biological unitular
component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically
transferred?
1. Transfer RNA
2. Ribosomal RNA
3. Double helix of DNA
4. Mitochondrial DNA
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep
climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
1. Biological unitular hypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Biological unitular edema
, 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
3. The presence of nucleotides
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids
3. Fatty acids
4. Phosphates
18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the Biological unit
2. Protein blueprint from the Biological unit of the DNA
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the Biological unit
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the Biological unit
19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the
mechanism of action of the drug?
1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
1. In the ribosomes
2. In the Golgi apparatus
3. In the secretory granules
4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
21. Which is the Biological unit’s “master mind”?
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Endoplasmic reticulum
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the description or answer the question.
22. Which descriptions regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
, 1. Microtubules are solid.
2. Microtubules are flexible.
3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin.
4. Microtubules are called actin filaments.
5. Microtubules have structures involved in Biological unit division.
23. Which Biological unitular actions are carried out during the process of protein synthesis? Select all
that apply.
1. DNA directs the Biological unit to carry out the process.
2. Transcription occurs in the ribosome of the Biological unit.
3. Protein translation takes place in the Biological unit nucleus.
4. RNA is single-stranded and travels outside the nucleus.
5. In RNA, the pyrimidine base thymine is replaced with uracil.
24. Which characteristics are specific to RNA during protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
1. Presence of ribose pentose sugar
2. Presence of single-stranded helix
3. Presence of double-stranded helix
4. Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar
5. Presence of uracil and cytosine as a pyrimidine base
25. Which are the purine bases found in DNA? Select all that apply.
1. Uracil
2. Adenine
3. Guanine
4. Thymine
5. Cytosine
