TEST BANK FOR GENETICS EXAM READY
STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ During DNA replication, the DNA is split, and paired up with a
replicated strand of complementary base pairs. Sometimes, this doesn't
happen correctly. What errors might occur during this process? Answer:
nucleotide bases may be inserted, deleted, or mismatched into the DNA
strand incorrectly
◉ Why is DNA replication important for cell reproduction? Why is it
important for the newly replicated daughter strand of DNA to have the
same information as the parent strands? Answer: Because all cells need
DNA to function, it is important that the DNA from the parent cell is
copied to allow that same parent cell to divide into daughter cells. It is
pertinent that the DNA is the same in all the cells produced.
◉ Explain how the leading and lagging strands of DNA are replicated.
Include a drawing. Be sure to explain why the lagging strand is more
complicated to replicate. Answer: Both act as templates Replication fork
moves down strand in 1 direction: leading strand (continuous) is
replicated into the fork and lagging strand goes in the opposite direction.
, ◉ Why is DNA repair necessary? If DNA repair does not take place
what could happen? Answer: DNA provides the blueprint for the
proteins our cells need to function. Serious damage could occur,
including cancer.
◉ How are multiple strands of mRNA synthesized? Why is it
advantageous to make multiple mRNA strands? Answer: Multiple stands
of mRNA can be made from a code found in our DNA. If multiple
mRNA strands are made an abundance of a specific protein will be
formed using the mRNA strand as the template to translate it into a
protein
◉ Would errors in transcription or errors in replication be more
damaging? Explain your answer. Answer: Errors in replication would be
more damaging since this means the error would be in the DNA. DNA is
our code for hereditary/genetic information, as well as ultimately the
code for proteins. If the DNA is damaged and not properly fixed this
change will "stick", every time the DNA is replicated the error will be
replicated and this could lead to a mutation.
Errors in transcription (DNA to RNA) would mean that the error is in the
RNA strand, this will impact the protein that should be translated from
this mRNA strand, however the "real" code is still present and available
in our DNA to hopefully be transcribed correctly next time.
◉ What is the role of tRNA in translation? Why is there not a specific
tRNA molecule for each possible codon? Answer: used as anticodon to
convert into amino acid. There is not a specific tRNA molecule for each
STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ During DNA replication, the DNA is split, and paired up with a
replicated strand of complementary base pairs. Sometimes, this doesn't
happen correctly. What errors might occur during this process? Answer:
nucleotide bases may be inserted, deleted, or mismatched into the DNA
strand incorrectly
◉ Why is DNA replication important for cell reproduction? Why is it
important for the newly replicated daughter strand of DNA to have the
same information as the parent strands? Answer: Because all cells need
DNA to function, it is important that the DNA from the parent cell is
copied to allow that same parent cell to divide into daughter cells. It is
pertinent that the DNA is the same in all the cells produced.
◉ Explain how the leading and lagging strands of DNA are replicated.
Include a drawing. Be sure to explain why the lagging strand is more
complicated to replicate. Answer: Both act as templates Replication fork
moves down strand in 1 direction: leading strand (continuous) is
replicated into the fork and lagging strand goes in the opposite direction.
, ◉ Why is DNA repair necessary? If DNA repair does not take place
what could happen? Answer: DNA provides the blueprint for the
proteins our cells need to function. Serious damage could occur,
including cancer.
◉ How are multiple strands of mRNA synthesized? Why is it
advantageous to make multiple mRNA strands? Answer: Multiple stands
of mRNA can be made from a code found in our DNA. If multiple
mRNA strands are made an abundance of a specific protein will be
formed using the mRNA strand as the template to translate it into a
protein
◉ Would errors in transcription or errors in replication be more
damaging? Explain your answer. Answer: Errors in replication would be
more damaging since this means the error would be in the DNA. DNA is
our code for hereditary/genetic information, as well as ultimately the
code for proteins. If the DNA is damaged and not properly fixed this
change will "stick", every time the DNA is replicated the error will be
replicated and this could lead to a mutation.
Errors in transcription (DNA to RNA) would mean that the error is in the
RNA strand, this will impact the protein that should be translated from
this mRNA strand, however the "real" code is still present and available
in our DNA to hopefully be transcribed correctly next time.
◉ What is the role of tRNA in translation? Why is there not a specific
tRNA molecule for each possible codon? Answer: used as anticodon to
convert into amino acid. There is not a specific tRNA molecule for each
