Ultimate High-Yield GI, Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic & Pharmacology Mega-Review: X-ray Signs, Dysphagia, Diarrhea Types, Liver/Bile Disorders, Ulcers, IBD, Vitamins, Lipids & Drugs – Complete Exam Prep Guide Questions Verified and Complete with A+ Graded Rat

Ultimate High-Yield GI, Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic & Pharmacology Mega-Review: X-ray Signs, Dysphagia, Diarrhea Types, Liver/Bile Disorders, Ulcers, IBD, Vitamins, Lipids & Drugs – Complete Exam Prep Guide Questions Verified and Complete with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 what 2 GI diseases have a corkscrew on Xray? esophageal spasm and volvulus what GI disease has a apple core on Xray? colorectal cancer what GI disease has a stacked coin on Xray? intussisception what lower GI disease has a thumb print on Xray? Toxic megacolon what GI disease has an abrupt cutt off on Xray? volvulus what GI disease has barium clumping on Xray? celiac sprue what GI disease has a bird's beak on xray? achalasia what 2 GI diseases have a string sign on Xray? pyloric stenosis and crohn's disease what 2 GI diseases are the causes of solid and liquid dysphasia? Achalasia Scleroderma What is Barrett's esophagus? Metaplasia of the lower esophagus [columnar replaces squamous cells] Increased risk of Adenocarcinoma What are esophageal varices? due to portal HTN, vomit large amounts of blood when they rupture What is Mallory-Weiss syndrome? tearing of the LES, associated with chronic vomiting, cough up a little blood and possible visual varices What is Boerhaave syndrome (esophageal perforation)? transmural tearing of the esophagus. Left-sided most common. Pneumonia/pain/effusion. Triad [emphysema, chest pain, forceful vomiting] What is achalasia? Increased LES pressure (no Auerbach's plexus); Bird's beak on X-ray; also seen in Chagas Disease What is Hirschsprung's disease? failure of innervation to the rectum - no auerbach's plexus - lack of meconium passage in first 24 hours in newborn, neural crest cell migration problem What is Zenker's diverticulum? Cough up undigested food from above the UES, Halitosis, motor dysfunction problem what is a traction diverticulum? out pouch between the UES and LES What is Plummer-Vinson syndrome? Esophageal webbing at the upper esophageal sphincter (UES); spoon nails from iron deficiency anemia what is schatzki's ring? Esophageal webs in the lower esophagus; dysphagia (mucosal tissue) What is a Tracheoesophageal (TE) Fistula (H-Type)? Baby Chokes with each feeding and is Congenital What is an Esophageal Atresia with a TE Fistula (C-type)? Baby vomits with first feeding, large gastric bubble and distended abdomen (failure of apotosis) What is Duodenal Atresia? Bilious vomiting with first feeding, double bubble sign on x-ray, associated with Downs Syndrome What is Pyloric Stenosis? Non-Bilious projectile vomiting (3-4 week old) and RUQ Olive Mass on palpation How does Choanal Atresia Present? Baby turns blue with feeding, pinks up when breast or bottle is remove (blocked nasal passages) How does Tetrology of Fallot (TOF) present differently from Choanal Atresia? TOF Babies...Turns blue with crying and has No feeding issues What makes Scleroderma Unique? Can have a decreased LES pressure or increased LES pressure What makes Esophageal Spasms Unique? Increased Peristalsis What makes Achalasia unique? Decreased Peristalsis and increased LES pressure What Gl disease has a RUQ Olive Mass? Pyloric Stenosis What Gl disease has a RLQ Sausage mass? Intussusception What is a Bezoar? Mass of non-digestible product (i.e. Hair) causing an occlusion at the pylorus What is Type A gastritis? Upper GI bleed, autoimmune (anti- parietal cell antibodies), Atrophic/ Achlorhydria and increased risk for adenocarcinoma (body & fundus region of the stomach) What is Menetrier's disease? Loss of protein through the rugal folds. Causes generalized edema. CMV association in children and H. pylori in adult. Proliferation of gastric mucus producing cells wh